WKCLT-10

Write 150 word response to Teenage Curfew on Colin Hodgkins. What do you think about Teenage Curfew? What are your thoughts how the  whole situation was handled? Is the California Curfew law stricker or roughly the same? Do you think the mother did the right or wrong? Explain. APA Format, No title page. Need to cite and reference response.

 

In 2000, 15-year-old Colin Hodgkins had a late dinner at the Steak ’n Shake in Marion County, Indiana, where he and some friends had stopped after attending a school soccer game. As Colin was leaving the restaurant, he was arrested for violating the state’s curfew law.36 He was taken by the police to the local high school, where he was questioned and required to undergo drug tests before being released to his mother. At the time, Indiana law prohibited minors from being out in public after 11:00 p.m. without parental accompaniment.

Hodgkins’s mother filed suit against the state, arguing that the Indiana statute violated her son’s First Amendment rights by preventing him and other teenagers from attending midnight mass or a late political rally. When the district court agreed with her, the state amended the statute to make such late-night activities exceptions to the curfew.37 Colin then challenged the amended statute, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit agreed that the statute dissuaded minors from engaging in protected activities because they risked arrest, detention, and drug tests if they did so.38In the words of the court, “[W]e hold that the curfew law, even with the new affirmative defenses for First Amendment activity, is not narrowly tailored to serve a significant governmental interest and fails to allow for ample alternative channels for expression. The statute restricts a minor’s access to any public forum during curfew hours, and the affirmative defense for participating in First Amendment activities does not significantly reduce the chance that a minor might be arrested for exercising First Amendment rights.”39

In 2003 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit overruled a similar city ordinance that had been enacted by the city of Vernon, Connecticut.40 Nonetheless, at last count about 500 cities in the United States had curfew regulations in effect,41 and courts are split on the constitutionality of such statutes.42

In 2000, a Texas court upheld a curfew ordinance that was enacted by the city of San Antonio.43 The San Antonio Youth Curfew ordinance prohibits youths under the age of 17 from being in public places within the city between the hours of 10:30 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. on Sunday through Thursday and between the hours of 12:00 midnight and 6:00 a.m. on Friday or Saturday. In the 2000 case, a teenager had been stopped by the police for violating the city’s curfew law. He was subsequently searched, and the police found marijuana on his person.

About the same time, a curfew law passed by the District of Columbia was found unconstitutional because it was not narrowly tailored to serve the District’s compelling interest in addressing the problems of crime and victimization by and against minors in the least intrusive manner.44

 

As these cases show, the constitutionality of curfew statutes is unclear. The laws that have been overturned were generally seen as being too vague and as restricting the First Amendment rights of the teenagers involved. Many officials believe, however, that such laws are needed to combat criminal activity by juveniles.45

week 4 post 3

minimum of 150 words apa format

 

Scenario for Post 3

 

Now you choose. Read the posts submitted by the class. Which side seems more logical to you? Should the medical industry abide by an “at-will” doctrine? Why / why not? Be sure to cite to a fellow student’s post.

 

some classmates posts

 

1. The hospital has indicated that they will be terminating Mr. Con Fused for failing to follow instructions.  However, based on the at-will doctrine no reason was given for his termination.  The hospital takes the service provided by their employees very seriously and it is their job to make sure all patients and fellow staff members are receiving the best care.  The hospital felt it was in their best interest to terminate Mr. Con Fused.

The relationship between the hospital and Mr. Con Fused was governed by the common law doctrine of employment at will.  Either party could terminate the employment relationship at any time and for any reason, unless doing so violated an employee’s statutory or contractual rights.  This was clearly an issue with this situation.  Also, it is important to note that terminating this employee did violate any federal or state statute such as any sort of discrimination.

 

Base on this policy, the hospital reserves the right to not disclose specific termination reasons other than the decision was based on the best interest of the hospital, patients and supporting staff.

 

 

2. The Hospital adheres to the At-will employment policy which follows state and federal guidelines. Mr. Fused has had quarterly reviews and in each of the last three reviews he has been critiqued on hospital process and procedures that were not meeting hospital standards. These process and procedures are meant to offer safe and clean environments for patients and staff. Mr. Fused willful disregard for following instructions, despite repeated review, were grounds to terminate his employment. 

 

Mr. Fuse can be released under At-will employment doctrine which allows either party to terminate the employment relationship for any reason or no reason at all (Cross, F. B. and Miller, R. L. 2015 pp. 438). While there are several exceptions such as implied contracts or discrimination these do not apply in Mr. Fuses scenario. There may not be an actual incident at the time of Mr. Fuses termination but at-will employment doctrine allows business to broadly use general performance to make employment decisions, including immediate termination.

 

 

3. At-will means that an employer can terminate an employee at any time for any reason, except an illegal one, or for no reason without incurring legal liability.  Likewise, an employee is free to leave a job at any time for any or no reason with no adverse legal consequences. At-will also means that an employer can change the terms of the employment relationship with no notice and no consequences (ncsl.org.2017).

            As an employee who worked for the human resource department at the regional hospital. I believe that the at–will policy is a good policy for both the hospital, as well as the employees. Just for the simple fact that working in a hospital facility is a very serious and important job. With that being said every employee would need to be one hundred percent focus and follow the rules and regulations at all times, especially when we have patients lives in our hands.

           Moreover, although the at-will policy may seems harsh and unfair in Mr. Con Fused favor. I must say that I support the at-will policy and my reasoning for saying so because this policy offers the right to establish a safe, organize, clean, great performance skills, and functional environment for all staff members and patients. So, therefore I think that the at-will employment is preferred in the hospital or medical field, due management being able to run a strict operation. 

 

             In addition, they can not afford to have any mistakes being made that can cost them to lose their jobs, be sued or loose patient under their care. In this incident that Mr.Con Fused was terminated because of his inability to follow instruction would be considered to be the appropriate action under the at-law policy and not a violation. In many working we make mistakes and we have to pay for our actions, so who knows how many times that Mr. Con Fused  was spoken to or written up his inability for not following instructions before he got terminated.

 

 

4. At will employment means that the Company does not offer tenure or guaranteed employment for any period of time to any employee without an employment contract or written direction from the CEO/President. In at will employment, either the company or the employee can terminate the employment relationship at any time, with or without cause, with or without notice (C.L, 2017).

In the case of Mr. Fused, there were justifiable grounds to terminate the employee. Mr. Fused was given the opportunity to correct his unacceptable behavior and still continued to not follow instructions given to him by his superior.

Mr. Fused was terminated due to inability to follow instructions. According to the policies employers can generally release at-will employees who aren’t working out, without giving advance notice in which this case we told Mr. Fused why he is being terminated.

http://smallbusiness.chron.com/good-things-atwill-employment-34594.html

 

 

5. Some of the main criteria stated for the designation of Mr. Con Fused, was that the candidate for the job has to pay close attention to detail and follow directions, aside from the qualifications skills.

 

Considering knowledge signify the ownership of information, intelligence is driven by how that information is managed mentally, that it will be accomplished responsibly. Both apprehension and performance must function in accord with each other.

 

As teamwork is the motto in every management. The procedure is further combined when more people should act in-sync toward a common intent. It is also crucial that each unit affiliate’s knowledge of that common intent is similar, as a skillful affiliate will be educating unskillful affiliate.  Valuable time, services, and worst of all life might be endangered because a member of our health unit cannot follow instructions.

 

With this recent incident under Mr. Fused care, the management of Regional Hospital cannot tolerate any more mishaps from Mr. Fused for his inability to follow instructions.  The management has been lenient enough after five years in Mr. Fused impairment, hoping that we can see some improvement, but Mr. Fused failed to follow through, and for this very reason that the Management of Regional Hospital has to let him go, as the health and well-being of our patients in Regional Hospital is the supreme priority. 

 

 

 

Business Law Project

Format Requirements:

Label each Section and part of analysis, as Section A, 1., Section A, 2., etc.

   Analyses should be comprehensive, fully supported/justified/explained, specific, and detailed in rationale (this is a most important requirement of this project)

   Analyses should be paragraph format

   All in text citations must be in APA proper format

   Each part should a minimum of 3-4 paragraphs, and likely will be, and should be, longer to be adequately comprehensive.

   Follow directions for assignment closely

Read the following case scenario and respond to analysis instructions at the end.

 

Fact Scenario:  Clear ‘n Brite, Inc. (Clear), a commercial interior and exterior cleaning service business operated profitably for 10 years with no legal claims against it. Clear had always purchased its cleaning solutions and products from Green Glow, Inc. (Green), a company that manufactures only chemical-free cleaning products.  All products purchased are chemical-free cleaning products and supplies, e.g., gloves, masks, etc. 

Each of the Green products carries the following warning label:

Warning:  Use only as directed and in a properly ventilated area.  Use only the amount of product as directed on the product Directions for Use.  Wear gloves when using this product to avoid possible skin irritation. 

Do not ingest product internally.  If ingested, seek medical attention immediately.

Avoid contact with eyes to prevent irritation.  If product contacts eyes, wash with clear water and seek medical attention if irritation continues more than a few minutes or worsens.

 

For 6 months, 3 client-companies operating in large office spaces reported to Clear that many employees were complaining of rashes, headaches, and/or nausea after Clear completed routine cleaning services using its usual Green cleaning products in the offices. 

The symptoms of many employees worsened over the months; many needed medical treatment such as allergy medications, and some missed work due to their symptoms.

Clear met with client representatives several times about the complaints, but claimed that no products or cleaning procedures had changed during the 6 months, that the products had never caused harm to consumers or users, that the products were inspected and stored in the usual manner, and that, thus, the employee problems had to be related to other causes.  

US Office Services, Inc., (US Office) one of the 3 client companies, eventually sued Clear and Green under strict product liability for defective and negligent manufacture of the cleaning products, and for failure to adequately warn of dangers of the cleaning products.

Clear and Green denied liability claiming that the products were not defective, not dangerous, that the product warning was sufficient, and that Clear was protected by an exculpatory clause in its contract with US Office in which Clear waived liability for injuries to client-consumers.

The court ruled in favor of US Office and awarded damages.

Label each section, Section A and Section B, and label each part of each section, i.e., 1., 2., 3., etc.

 

Section A.  Assume you are the owner of Clear.  You are preparing to meet with Clear’s attorney to discuss an appeal to the court’s ruling.  To help clarify your thoughts about the case, prior to meeting with the attorney, write a comprehensive summary analysis addressing each of the following topics (in 2-4 paragraphs each, approximately):

 

1.  why you agree/disagree with the appropriateness of the specific parties sued as consistent with product liability law 

2.  why you agree/disagree that the symptoms of the US Office workers support a valid claim that the Green products were defective

3.  why you agree/disagree the Green product warning label is adequate

4.  whether the exculpatory clause in Clear’s contract with US Office should affect the outcome of the lawsuit, and if so, how

 

Section B.  Write an exculpatory clause to be included in all future contracts with clients that you believe is appropriate, legal, would protect Clear from certain liabilities, and likely would be upheld by a court.

            1.  Write a 1-2 paragraph explanation of why you believe the exculpatory clause is likely to be upheld by a court.   Be specific.

 

RESOURCES:  Support all conclusions with legal concepts, applicable law, logical reasoning and in-text cites to relevant resources.  You may use some outside resources, but rely primarily on in-class assigned materials.

The following resources may not be used:

Any Wiki sites

Law firm or company/corporate newsletters or advertisements

Local or regional newspapers (MAJOR Metropolitan newspapers, e.g., Wall Street Journal, New York Times, etc. may be used)

Blogs

Social Media

Instructor Notes or any Professor posted info in the classroom

Direct quotes from any resources may not be used and will result in point deductions.  Paraphrase any attributions to outside resources.

Business periodicals, e.g., Forbes, The Economist, Business Week, law review articles, academic articles in professional journals, e.g., The Business Law Journal, or business law journals published by law schools, e.g., The Business Law Journal – Penn Law School, etc. are appropriate and useful resources. 

Assignment

Find at least two(2) articles (preferably from the online library) focused on two separate “real life” criminal cases in which DNA played a major role. Appropriate examples for this assignment might include the O.J. Simpson case or the John Benet Ramsey case although there are a myriad of true cases conducive for this assignment. Hint: The Innocence Project website serves as a great resource for this assignment.www.innocenceproject.org/ I Have attached the two articles for use to use one is a pdf and one is copied into a word document the citations for both or in the word document the citation for the pdf is at the bottom of the word document. You will write about serial killer Derrick Todd Lee. Feel free to use other sources along with the ones I have provided. These articles can be from electronic sources, newspapers, or online journals however the cases must have occurred in the United States.

 

1) Based on the information from your research, write a summary of the impact and/or circumstances surrounding the DNA evidence. Also, please be sure to address the specific DNA technologies applicable to the case if in fact they are address in your research (i.e. mtDNA, Y-STR, ABO/PCR-based reverse dot-blot tests, etc. Note: Please remember to focus on the DNA evidence and not other types of physical evidence. For example, providing a lengthy case overview, biography of the offender, or rehashing of the case itself will not earn high marks. This paper should focus on the DNA technologies specifically. 
 
2) In a separate section, state your opinion of the criminal cases you selected. Specifically, do you believe that the use of DNA evidence was ethical in these cases, do you believe the cases would have had the same outcome if not for the use of DNA (i.e. guilt or innocence of the offender), were the articles you selected written in a neutral, unbiased fashion, was the author pro- or anti- DNA, etc.
 
3) Finally, please discuss how the information learned in this class has given you more insight into the cases you opted to write about. Please note all three sections must be included for this library assignment.
 
Your library assignment should be a minimum of 1,000 words in length

Answer the following questions

Each response, minimum of 80 words. 

  1. What are the constitutional safeguards that are associated with criminal juvenile proceedings? How do these safeguards differ/relate to the safeguards and foundations which were established for adult criminal law procedures? What would happen if adult and juvenile procedures were the same? Explain.
  2. What is liability? How does liability impact criminal law? How can we improve the relationship between criminal law and liability within the criminal justice system?
  3. What do you think about diversion programs that try to avert juvenile offenders from going to court? Do you think these attempts to divert juveniles from the criminal justice system are purposeful or do you think that they will not have an impact on further deviant acts committed by the offenders?
  4. Incidents like the one at Columbine High School changed the way that police train and respond to active shooter incidents. Security concerns have results into some schools having students walk through metal detectors. People are often “wanded” with a handheld metal detector when entering school sporting events. How can it be improved?
  5. While the adult courts place a high priority on punishment of those convicted of committing crimes, the juvenile courts have a different goal. In juvenile courts, there is a great deal of priority placed on the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders. To accomplish this, the juvenile system uses various programs and tactics; what are these programs and tactics?
  6. I think that society has had a tremendous impact on the way that juveniles view authority. They are bombarded with messages from movies, television, music videos, music lyrics, video games, etc that tell them that it is cool to defy authority and engage in unruly and even criminal behavior. Reality TV shows like MTV’s Real World and The Jersey Shore to name a couple are so popular and yet so bad. Young people love it and want to emulate the behavior. It doesn’t help any when these idiots get far more than their 15 minutes of fame and end up cashing in to boot. Some of the cast of the Jersey Shore have made millions. What can be done to change young generations mentality?
  7. Do you think that the courts have allowed too many other reasons to allow defendants to go unpunished for their crimes? Do you think that this is an issue that negatively affects our criminal justice system? Why or why not?

W3L

I need you to read transcript for the video below. Write 150 words on what the video was about? What were the type of searches? What did you learn new about the video? What did find interesting about video? Explain

 

Citation for video

 

It’s the law [Video file]. (2001). Retrieved April 15, 2017, from http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=18566&xtid=11901

 

In the criminal justice system the laws are framedfirst and foremost by the US Constitution,because it’s this living document that givesgovernment its powers, as well as limits thosepowers, and guarantees our personal rights to life,liberty, and property. Our laws protect theserights, whether the laws are enacted at thefederal, state, or local level. So while the purposeof this system is to bring criminals to justice, itmust also meet the standard of due processprovided by the Constitution. And so the criminaljustice system has two separate, but equallyimportant, functions, to protect the public safety,and maintain the public confidence. This is how itworks.

To understand the criminal justice system thefirst, and most obvious, question we ask is, whatexactly is a Crime? Well, in America a crime isanything that Congress, a state, or a legislativebody has said is a crime. A violation of public law,punishable by imprisonment, a fine, or both. Likedriving a car after drinking a few beers, taking abike that belongs to someone else, or usingcertain drugs. These are all violations of what weknow as American law. Some crimes have beenconsidered crimes for hundreds of years. Othersaren’t even thought of as crimes anymore. Andthen there are things people do that were onceacceptable, but are now illegal. So while our lawsmay be stable, they may also reflect how oursociety grows and changes.

And because society is fluid, and moves, andchanges, we constantly look at laws to determinewhether or not they’re meeting societal needs. Agood example is laws with regards to computertechnology issues. The framers of the Constitutionhad no concept that there would be computers.

Our laws are both stable and flexible, becausethey need to adapt with the times. But theyshould also remain stable, so that there isconsistency, and an evenness to the meting out ofjustice.

Our society has gone through a rapid change inrecent years due to modern technology. And sowe say that law is a reaction to the whim, but notto the will of the people. So as people change thelaw will react to those changes in customs andhabits in a society.

Crimes are usually divided into two types,Misdemeanor and Felony. A misdemeanor is acrime that is punishable by a sentence of lessthan a year. Reckless driving and shoplifting areboth examples of misdemeanors. A felony carriesa sentence of more than a year. Murder androbbery are examples of felonies. Bothmisdemeanors and felonies are also defined bydegrees, 1st, 2nd, or 3rd depending on howserious the crime is. Obviously 1st degree felonies,or the highest level of felony, is murder, which is acapital offense. You have armed robberies andsexual batteries which are 1st degree felonies.2nd degree felonies are, perhaps, sale of certainkinds of drugs, like cocaine, and heroin, that typeof thing. And 3rd degree felonies are, for instance,like auto burglary or grand theft if it’s under acertain amount.

From state to state, throughout the nation, whatmay be considered a misdemeanor in one statemay be a felony in another state and vice versa.What’s a felony in one state may be amisdemeanor in another state.

There is some general consistency between thelevels of crimes, whether they’re misdemeanorsor felonies, from state to state. But there are somedifferences. Not necessarily will a 1st degreemisdemeanor in Florida be a 1st degreemisdemeanor in California. Obviously the biggies,like murder, and rape, and robbery are generallythe same level of offense. But when you get downto 3rd degree felonies, and 1st degreemisdemeanors, there is some difference fromstate to state.

All crimes are defined by either federal, or state,or local statute, according to both Action andIntent. These are known as the Elements of thecrime

In Driving Under the Influence, DUIs, there are acouple of elements. That the individual’s driving,number one, the state would have to prove that.And that the individual was driving with a breathalcohol level of over a certain limit, depending onwhat state you come in. They are the differentstages, or elements, that make up the crime as awhole. And each one has to be proven by thestate, beyond a reasonable doubt, before thatindividual can be convicted.

In legal terms, we would say law would have anActus Reus, that’s a physical element. Forexample if you pull the trigger of a gun, that is anact, that’s the physical act of that particularcrime. Along with the actus reus, or the physicalelement of crime, is the mental element, whichwe call the Mens Rea. And this sometimes can bea complex term, because it encompasses a lot ofdifferent things, but basically it’s the criminalintent, and there are different degrees of criminalintent.

For example, in homicide cases some will say, yes,this person is dead. Yes, my client did it, but hehad no intent, because it was self-defense. Theother guy had a gun, or a knife, and my guy had agun. So the real issues generally come down tothat Latin, mens rea, that mental state, onwhether or not, in most cases, the personintended to commit a crime.

So we only have a crime when the elementsmerge together, that is, you have the mentalintent and the physical intent merging together inconcurrence, causing a result that is criminal innature.

It’s actually not as complicated as it sounds,because for the most part the elements of crimesare spelled out pretty clearly. So either you did oryou didn’t do it.

Crimes may be Against a Person, or Against aProperty. Crimes against a Person includeKidnapping and Assault. The most serious CrimeAgainst a Person is Murder. The US Criminal Codeseparates the crime of murder into two differentcategories, 1st degree and 2nd degree.

The difference between 1st degree murder and2nd degree murder is primarily that 1st degreemurder is committed with Premeditation. That is,a time to stop, and reflect, and think about whatyou’re doing. And 2nd degree murder does notrequire the state to prove a premeditated intentto kill.

Premeditation means that a person actsconsciously and deliberately before committingthe murder. They have enough time to reflectupon it, so that we can say, although it’s not afixed point of time, it can be matter a fewseconds, that they have deliberately takenanother life after conscious reflection.

Murder without malice or anger is Manslaughter.And it can be either Voluntary or Involuntary.

Manslaughter cases generally deal with an actwhich shows a willful, wanton disregard for thesafety of others around you.

For instance, shooting a gun up in the air, wherethere is a crowd gathered, is a negligent act. And ifyou cause a death by doing that, that would be amanslaughter.

There are different types of manslaughter. Forexample, we might have reckless driving thatresults in manslaughter. We may have drunkdriving, that’s a form of manslaughter. Somanslaughter encompasses many differentcategories.

Now Battery, Assault and Aggravated Assault maysound alike, but each are really a different kind ofcrime against a person.

A Battery is a crime which involves a touching orstriking of another individual, against their will.That is different from an Assault which doesn’trequire a touching or striking. An Assault is athreat to another individual, by either a word oran act, which causes fear in that person, but doesnot require that that person be touched or struck.Aggravated Assault, or aggravated battery, is anassault or battery with an additional, enhancingfactor. Either that a deadly weapon, or a weaponbe used like a gun or knife, or that it becommitted on a person that’s been deemed to bea more vulnerable victim. For instance, anindividual over 65 years of age.

Property Crimes commonly include offenses likeArson, Vandalism and Burglary.

Auto theft, breaking and entering into a home,stealing somebody’s bicycle, or snatchingsomebody’s purse. Those are crimes againstproperty, which are still crimes, and are stillserious, but they do not get the severity level thatcrimes against a person gets.

Burglary, for example, is someone enters astructure, a dwelling, or a conveyance, which is avehicle of any type, stealthily. And once they enterthat structure they intend to commit a crime bytaking items that don’t belong to them to use fortheir own benefit. A robbery, on the other hand, iswhen you take property from an individual, by useof force. And that’s the big difference there.

Another difference is that Burglary is a PropertyCrime while Robbery is a Crime Against a Person.And so from Property Crimes to Crimes Against aPerson, from the Elements of a Crime, to thethousands of Statutes which Define them, thecriminal justice system is set in motion by onesimple act, a crime, a violation of the law.

Once a crime has been committed it’s up to thepolice to Investigate it. And from the momentthey become involved with the Investigation, andbeyond, police officers must follow strictprocedures and guidelines, so that the rights ofvictims and suspects are equally observed.

There’s a procedure and process that you have tofollow. Failure to do that could result in a casebeing thrown out of court, a defendant being setfree. It could be a situation where you could becivilly sued, and nothing’s been gained. Thatindividual is still out and about, committing thecrimes or the acts that we originally addressedthem about. And you’re in trouble, your career,your department’s reputation, and theircredibility. So you’ve got to weigh all of thosethings. And first and foremost you’ve got toensure that everyone’s Constitutional rights areadhered to, regardless of the circumstances.

A police investigation usually includes a gatheringof physical evidence, such as illegal drugs orfirearms, as well as statements from victims andwitnesses.

What time did you leave for work this morning?

Uh, 15 minutes to 9:00.

OK. And what time did you come back home?

Uh, I come at–

When you investigate a crime, you want to talk toanyone that has information related to that crime.That may be the person that telephoned theinformation in. It may be witnesses that youlocate while you’re at the scene of that crime.That’s the investigative side of it. You want to getas much information pertaining to that crime, soyou can conduct a thorough investigation. It maybe collecting physical evidence that’s left at thescene of the crime, maybe a weapon, that wasused. Blood, anything of that nature. It could beclothing that was left behind. So you want yougather all of that, that’s part of your investigationinto the crime.

Police officers may also ask questions of peoplethey consider suspects, and often long beforethey’re ever under arrest.

They may question an individual at the scene ofthat crime. They could go to that individual’shouse and question them. They could go to theirjob to question them. And they can question themdowntown in an interview room.

You’re not under arrest, we just want to take youdowntown, all right?

Do real life police officers act like the ones ontelevision? Do they intimidate a suspect until hebreaks down and confesses? What actuallyhappens during police questioning?

Mr. Smith, the reason we brought you down here–first of all you’re not under arrest. And the reasonwe brought you down here is we feel that youmight have some information regarding aburglary that occurred on the south side.

You’ll see on television programs where a personwill be in an interview room with a detective, ordetectives, and that individual’s being physicallyabused. No, that’s not an accurate depiction as towhat takes place. In no way, shape, fashion, orform are we allowed to abuse that individual inany way, regardless of the crime or thecircumstances.

They are not allowed to use any types of threats,or coercion, or, of course, brutality during anytypes of interviews. They are not allowed to makeany promises of favorable benefit, or favorablereward, or better treatment from theprosecution’s office, in order to elicit or get someinformation from these suspects. And if it’s beendeemed that they have done any of those things,then any of the statements or admissions madeby the suspect would be suppressed, would notbe allowed to be used in court.

While physical abuse and psychological pressureare strictly prohibited, the police do have someleeway when conducting an interrogation. Forexample, they can lie to a suspect.

What would you say if I told you that Fred pawnedthe stereo equipment belonging to the neighbor?

They don’t have to tell the individual that they’rea suspect. They can even, the courts upheld, usedeception, and tell them, for instance, we havethis information, we’ve been told, x, y, and z. Howdo you respond to that? They can use deceptionin interviewing potential suspects.

Now if the suspect is a juvenile, a person underthe legal age of majority, either 16 or 18, thepolice should make a reasonable effort to havethe child’s parents present for questioning.Although the law does not require it.

If for instance, a police officer interviews a child,and never makes contact with that parent. Andthe child says, I said I want to have my parentspresent, that could have serious consequences.For instance, if a child confesses to committing acrime, and the child was held, say, for four hoursby the police, and no one made an effort to makecontact with those parents. That confession couldbe suppressed by the court, so that could beevidence that’s lost, because efforts weren’t madeto make contact with the family.

So the Police may ask Questions to gainInformation, Leads on other suspects, or even aConfession. But you don’t have to answer a policeofficer’s questions. Everyone, no matter who theyare, or what they’ve done, has a right to silence.And it’s Guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment tothe Constitution.

You do not have to talk to the police. Outside ofgiving the police basic information about yourname and address, you have absolute rightsunder the United States Constitution to refuse totalk to the police. Under the Fifth Amendment,you have an absolute right to remain silent, andyou do not have to discuss your case, or anycircumstances surrounding it, with the police. Andthat’s called the privilege against self-incrimination.

So when should you talk, and when should youstay quiet? If you’re the focus of a criminalinvestigation, most lawyers say you should nevertalk to police without an attorney present, even ifyou’re innocent. Now, if the police have areasonable suspicion that you’re involved in thecrime, whether you match a suspect’s description,or your behavior appears suspicious–

The guy sitting on steps around the corner fromyou, wearing a black t-shirt and black pants justmade a sale to the black BMW.

–and if it looks like you’re carrying a concealedweapon, they can pat you down for their ownprotection, and yours.

You got anything on you? Dope, gun, bombs, anyof that stuff? OK, is it OK to pat you down?

This rule is known as Stop and Frisk. Andsometimes, what begins as a simple pat down,can lead to an arrest.

Just because an individual’s walking down thestreet, they may look weird, they may be dressedweird, that doesn’t give a police officer a right tostop that individual. They have to suspect, andthey have to have information that would leadthem to believe that, that individual may havecommitted a crime, or may be in the process ofcommitting a crime. You can’t stop an individualjust because they look a certain way.

I would think there are more occasions for that tohappen with juveniles, than with adults. Simplybecause juveniles, for instance, if they’re not inschool, they’re supposed to be in school duringschool hours. If a police officer sees a child andsuspects that the child is truant, then the policeoffice can make contact with the child to find outwhether he or she is in school. And, for instance,the child smells of marijuana. Once the policemakes contact the smell of marijuana gives thepolice officer justification to search the child.

Now what if the police want to search inside yourhouse for evidence? Well, they need a SearchWarrant for that, thanks to the FourthAmendment to the Constitution, which prohibitsagainst unreasonable searches and seizures. Thatmeans the police need a warrant to search yourhouse, or even your car, or business.

The reason you would want to get a searchwarrant is to obtain evidence of a crime. Evidencethat may be concealed in a vehicle, it may beconcealed in a residence, or in some other type ofstructure. And through your investigation you’vegathered information that would lead you tobelieve that the evidence you’re looking for is inthat specific location.

Different jurisdictions handle search warrantsdifferently. Throughout the country someprosecutors’ offices get involved in assisting thepolice in obtaining search warrants. In others thepolice go straight to the judges, and get thejudge’s signatures in obtaining the searchwarrants. But basically when a prosecutor assistsa police officer we make sure that the policeofficers have probable cause to believe thatevidence is located wherever it is that they wantto search, whether it’s a house, or car, or abusiness. We then present the search warrant tothe judge. The police officer has to swear to itsaccuracy, and swear to the facts contained in thesearch warrant, and takes an oath in front of thejudge. And together they sign the search warrant.At which point the police officers then go, andserve the search warrant on the defendant, in hishome, and his business and his car.

But even armed with a search warrant, the policecan’t just break down your door. The Knock andAnnounce rule requires that officers make theirpresence known, and state the purpose of theirarrival. And the only exception to this rule iswhat’s called Exigent Circumstances.Circumstances that demand immediate action,like a drug raid. And, because they’re mobile, timemay also be a factor with car searches. So if you’restopped for a traffic violation, the police mayconduct a search of your car without a warrant.But only if they have probable cause, which is agood faith belief they’ll find something concealedsomewhere, like drugs or firearms.

Ah, there it is.

And only if they’re able to articulate that probablecause in their police report. But what about yourtrash? Well, according to the United StatesSupreme Court, your garbage is fair game,because it’s considered abandoned property, notprivate property. You see the job of the police is tofind out who committed the crime they’reinvestigating, so they’ll do whatever they have to,even if it means looking through someone’sgarbage. But at the same time the police mustalways follow the rules of law and procedure.

Both the police and the prosecution’s office wantthose rules to be adhered to, so that the evidencecan be used in court. Because that’s the only goodit’s going to do us, if we can use it in court andprove that a crime has been committed.

After the police have conducted theirinvestigation, and drawn some conclusions, theperson most likely to have committed the crime isusually taken into custody and arrested.

Probable cause, that’s what a police officer needsto Arrest someone. And probable cause is whenthe police have a reasonable belief that theperson they want to arrest committed a crime.

It would severely damage my career to falselyaccuse and arrest someone, and take theirfreedom away, just because. I can’t do it. And theconstitution doesn’t allow me to do that. If anofficer, God forbid, decided they wanted to go outand do that, their career in law enforcement ispretty much going to be over. And, in certaincircumstances, they may end up in jailthemselves.

The only place the police can’t arrest someone isin that person’s home, unless the officers have anarrest warrant signed by a judge.

The laws regarding protecting individuals who arein their home come from the Constitution, comefrom the courts, and come from the case law aswe know it. The police are not allowed to go intosomeone’s home to make an arrest unless theyhave an arrest warrant. And typically what you’llsee is police going to a home, knocking on thedoor, announcing themselves, asking individualsto step outside, at which point they conduct anarrest.

But just as it is with a search warrant theexception here is Exigent Circumstances.

If the police, for instance, arrive at a home thatthey’re going to search, or where they’re going toarrest somebody, and there is an injured victiminside who’s perhaps dying, or the defendant hasa gun to an individual’s head, they don’t have tostand at the door, and knock, and announce theirpresence there. They can violate that rulebasically, and go inside the house to try to savethis victim or save the individuals because thecircumstances require that.

Resisting arrest simply by pulling away is amisdemeanor. But pushing, or shoving an officer,or even swatting at his hands becomes assault,and that’s a felony. One of our most well knownConstitutional protections is the right to receivethe Miranda Warning, a right which comes fromthe Fifth Amendment, and applies to both adultsand juveniles. To be given the Miranda Warning isto be told that, you have the right to remainsilent. That anything you say can be used asevidence. That you have the right to an attorney.That if you can’t afford an attorney the state willappoint one for you.

The police are required to read the MirandaWarning to an individual who is in custody. And incustody and under arrest are not always the samething.

When you have an individual in custody doesn’tmean they are under arrest, just means you havethem detained. When you arrest a person thatmeans they have been detained, they are going tojail, and they are going to be booked into the jail.

And being booked is basically having thepaperwork drafted up, that state’s all yourbiographical information, getting fingerprinted,having your mug shot taken, your photographtaken.

Fingerprints and Photographs are just one kind ofevidence the police gather during the bookingprocess. They may also ask for a blood sample, oreven strands of hair, both for DNA testing. Thisevidence is then used to match evidence left atthe crime scene. And the police may even put you,or your photo, in a lineup to see if you can beidentified.

In the lineups that are conducted by the policesuspects have the right to have an attorneypresent, an attorney to help stage the lineup, sothat is fair and that it’s not suggestive. You mayhave a lineup, for example, with five people, orpeople of color, and then one Caucasian. And thesuspect is a Caucasian, that would be suggestive.So the lineup has to be fair, and to ensure that it’sfair a lawyer should be present.

There is no procedure, once a child has beenarrested, to appear in a lineup. But part of beingarrested, the police officers often do show us withthe children, they take them back to the scene ofthe crime, and ask the victim whether or not theycan identify the child as being the person thatcommitted the act that they are accused of.

And so being formally charged with a crimebegins when the police make an arrest. At thattime a suspect may be released with a citation, oron a promise to appear in court, or the suspectmay even be sent to jail.

Everyone who’s arrested doesn’t necessarily go tojail. It will depend on that individual’s priorcriminal history. If they don’t have any priorcriminal history, typically they will be charged orcited, given a notice to appear, and they don’thave to be booked into jail. What they’ll do issimply appear in court on a given court date.

When a juvenile is arrested for a misdemeanor,the parents are called, and the parents can comepick their child up from detention center. Theparents are given a notice to appear, the samethat adults get sometimes. And they have thechild’s next court date on it. If a juvenile isarrested for a felony, or a violent misdemeanor,such as domestic battery, that juvenile can bedetained, which is held in the juvenile detentionfacility, for a period of time, while they’re awaitingthe arraignment on their official charges.

In the criminal justice system the Constitutionprovides many different safeguards, alwaysmaking sure that the accused are treated fairlyand without bias.

I think one of the strongest points of the Americanjustice system is that there are safeguards in ourConstitution and the laws, to protect, not only ourindividual rights, but also the rights of thecommunity as a whole, to make sure we are allsafe, in our homes, in our businesses, and in thepursuit of our happiness.

From federal statutes to state statutes, searchwarrants to arrest warrants to Miranda rights, thesystem carefully balances the rights of theaccused with the rights of the victim, as well asthe safety of individual citizens.

9 multiple choice questions about Fingerprints

This person is credited being the first European to recognize the value of friction ridge prints and to actually use them for identification purposes:

 A.Sir William Herschel 

B. Dr. Henry Faulds 

C. Alphonse Bertillion 

D. Sir Francis Galton 

 

 

 

The first noticeable development of friction skin on the volar surfaces takes place at about ……..weeks gestation.

A. 6 

 

B. 8

C. 10

D. 12

 

 

 

 The person credited with the first use of a “LASER” for latent fingerprint development was:

A. Dr. Henry C. Lee

B.Dr. E. Roland Menzel 

C. Mr. David Ashbaugh

D. Dr Peter DeForest 

 

 

 

Items that give off light when exposed specific wave lengths of light without treatment are said to have: 

A. Inherent Luminescence 

B. Refractive Index 

C. Chemical Luminescence 

D. Photosensitivity

 

 

 

False fingerprint identifications fall into three main categories except…..

 A. Deliberate Misrepresentation 

B. Forgery of Latent Print 

C. Incompetency of Analyst 

D. The Randomness of Nature

 

 

 

The Brandon Mayfield case is an example of :

A. Failure to properly apply ACE-V 

B. Culture of the Absolute 

B. Examiner Bias 

D. All of the above

 

 

 Fluorescent Powders are made up of……..& ……….

A. Carbon and Zinc Sorbates 

B. Fluorescent Dyes and Carbon Black 

C.Talc powder and Slate 

 D. Silica and Rodamine Dye

 

 

Fingerprint impressions have been observed on relics as old as :

A. 1000 years old

 B. 3000 old 

C. 6000 years old

De 12,000 years old 

 

 

The use of Fingerprints for Identification purposes of (proof identity) may date back to :

A. Japan as early as  702 AD 

B. The United States as early as 1902 

C. China as early as 300 BC 

D. All of the above

Legal six

Labor relations and collective bargaining are significant challenges within the organization and when not addressed properly will cause issues within the organization. Drawing on your personal experiences and research in the field, you will provide a response using considerations from various labor sources and their relationship to the fire departments.

 

Read the case decision from your state regarding an arbitration that involved a fire department. You will want to use your favorite search engine and type in “public employee relations board,” as this will provide the student with options in researching arbitrated cases.

 

This case study will be answered in a minimum one page paper. The minimum page count does not include the title page or reference pages. You will briefly describe the case, provide the details of the case, and present why you believe the case was decided. All sources used, including the textbook, must contain proper citations and references.

Unit VII Research Paper

 

 

 

For this assignment, you are to evaluate one of the federal statutes that has been passed to prohibit various forms of discrimination in regards to employment. There are many different statutes you can choose to evaluate. Here are just a few:

 

1. Equal Pay Act of 1963

 

2. Rehabilitation Act of 1973

 

3. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

 

4. Age Discrimination in Employment Act

 

5. Pregnancy Discrimination Act

 

FIR 3311, Legal Aspects of Fire Protection 5

 

In your evaluation, provide an overview of the statute and how it relates to your organization and what steps have been implemented to ensure that your organization is within compliance of that federal statute.

 

 

You should discuss your topic in a minimum one page research paper. The minimum page count does not include the title or reference pages. All sources used, including the textbook, must contain proper citations and references.

 

Wk1PITSV

Read the transcript…. Write 150 words What are two specific things you learned from this clip? No title page. Apa format. Need to cite and reference support answer

 

 

Transcript ot the video  “A Place in the Sun” The ccite and refernce for the video A place in the sun [Video file]. (1976). Retrieved May 4, 2017, from https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=18566&xtid=3374I saw the poverty over there in Italy. And theway they lived, it’s not for me because I wasborn different. They didn’t even have toiletpaper back there. They didn’t know whatwrapping paper was. I wanted to buy a bunch ofbananas, and my cousin told me, [INAUDIBLE]don’t buy that many. I says, why? She says, wellwe could get a banana and cut it in two andgive half to one person, half then another. Well, I said, we’re in America. We don’t do that. Webuy a bunch of them here, ten, twelve. InAmerica, you have everything you want.

Whereabouts are you from then?

Agosto, Catania. That’s about four hours awayfrom where your father comes from. Right. Notme, I was born here though.

Oh, your father.

Right. Well don’t let you think I’m an Americanhere.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Fisherman’s Wharf, San Francisco, California.

This was nothing but Italians here, 90%. Thiswas Italian headquarters here. They used to callit little Italy.

Most of the wharf in San Francisco is stillworked by the Italians, as it has been since theturn of the century.

My father came over here in 1890. He wasmarried here. And divorced in 1900. In 1902, hesent for another wife in Italy to come here, andmarried her. She was a widow. In those daysthey used to send photographs from Italy overhere. And if the fellow liked the person he wouldcall for her. If he didn’t like the picture, hewouldn’t send for her. That’s how they did it.

Everything was like they had in Italy. That thewagon would come selling potatoes in thestreet. The bread man would sell you breadfrom the wagon and wine and so forth. Wemade our own wine. And that’s how we lived.The same tradition they had in Italy was here.We didn’t have much, but whatever we hadhere was more than they had over there.

Immigration became a part of everyday life inItaly. A fact that was echoed in many popularsongs. This one describes the desolation of thecountryside as it appears to someone leftbehind.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Back there the poverty and the misery that theyhad was very difficult to live.

It was hard to get food. And it was hard to getany fish. They were all fishermen in that littlelocality there. And they thought there was moreof an advantage in this country than there wasin that country. And that’s what made themcome over here.

Over four million Italians poured into the UnitedStates between 1880 and 1914. In 1907 alone,over a quarter of a million arrived. They came toescape slums, bad landlords, corrupt laws, andthe sheer poverty of the soil. One young Italianin 10 left for the New World.

The desire was to come for three or four years,save enough money to return to Italy and to buythree or four acres of land so that we would nolonger be dependent on the exploitinglandholders. But then, of course, it didn’t workout that way.

The steamship companies had agents in NewYork. And we were just simply actually shippedas laborers to New York. And from theredistributed all over the country.

Angelo Pelligrini, now a professor of English,was 10 years old when he came to America in1913. With the rest of his family, he was to joinhis father, who had already settled on the westcoast. His father was working in a frontierlumber town in the state of Washington, over3,000 miles from Ellis Island. The family still hadin front of them as long a journey as they’dalready from Italy.

When we left Ellis Island and went to the railwaystation, to board the train, we were greetedwith the news that the place to which we weregoing, McClary, Washington, did not exist.Incredible, see, it was a frontier town, recentlyestablished, unincorporated. It wasn’t on themaps. It wasn’t on the time schedules. There isno such place. Well, mother would show themthe address in father’s beautiful handwriting.McCleary [? Metch-clay-arg ?] Vashington, it’sthere. So they decided that they would ship usto a central point in the state of Washington. Wewere tagged. The address was pinned to us. Andthey shipped us.

The journey across the continent took aboutseven or eight days. In crossing the continentwe had glimpses of the promised land. We saw,literally, mountain of apples on the groundunder the trees. Huge mounds of apples, andapparently no one was gathering them. When Isaw those and remembered that in Italy I oncewas nearly beaten to death by a peasant who’ssingle apple tree I had raided and got just oneapple. And he chased me and flailed me for onelousy apple. I said to myself, [SPEAKING ITALIAN], we have arrived.

The Pelligrini’s did find the town of McCleary,and their father, who was working as alumberjack. With his job went a house and land.To begin with, the new world fulfilled itspromise.

Soon we were all at work. Land, we have all that we could till. We didn’t have to buy it. A deedmeant nothing. I mean, for once in our lives, weknew the extraordinary delight of turning a sodand every shovel full was a loaf for us.

The people were not so generous. The Italiansspoke little English. They had darker skins andLatin ways. All this led to conflicts with the restof the population.

We were actually the first South Europeans that they had ever seen. These miserable natives, asI called them, because many of them had justcome maybe a generation before we. Maybethey were second generation immigrants, theNorwegians, and Irish, and Germans. And yet,they soon made us understand that the attitudeof the native American, as we called them,toward us was roughly what the attitude of theAmerican has been toward the blacks.

We were forbidden, for example, we young menwere forbidden to associate with Americangirls. And if one ventured to go out with anAmerican girl, number one, she would have tobe of a rather poor white trash derivation.Otherwise she wouldn’t be going with him. Andthen, being such she would have a brutalbrother, who would clobber that hell out of thisWop who dared.

In 1891, a mob in New Orleans murdered 11Italians. The chief of police had beenassassinated and a number of Italians werebrought to trial. They were acquitted, but localpeople were convinced that the mafia hadthreatened the jury. They took the law into theirown hands, broke into the jailhouse, shot someof the Italians, and lynched the rest. All over thecountry feeling ran high against Italians. TheNew York Times said of the incident, “our ownrattlesnakes are as good citizens as they. Ourown murderers are men of feeling and nobilitycompared to them.”

The Italians were the most despised of theimmigrant groups from Europe. They had totake the worst jobs. They were the ragpickers.They were the shoeshine boys. They were theknife sharpeners. They were the organ grinders.They were peddlers. Some were alwaysbeggars.

Some Americans claimed that their country wasbecoming a dumping ground for Europe’srejects. They saw the Italians as parasitesstealing food from the honest native. It washardly the welcome of a promised land.

I remember times that my father and motherwould sit and watch us. And we’d look at myfather and we’d see tears in his eyes. We didn’t have what to eat. It was that bad. Really, I thinkhe died of a broken heart because of thinkingwhat America held for him, and it was not there.And him feeling that, I believe in my heart, thathe was Italian. And in New York, at that time,Italians were not accepted as people. And, veryfrankly, people called them non-whites, Wop,Guinea, Dago.

Murderers, criminals, members of the blackhand, the mafia, that was the view of theItalians. The San Francisco Chronicle declared,“the duty of the United States is clear in thismatter. We must lock the gates and shut andbar them in the face of these conspirators andcriminals. Send them back as fast as they come.And if Italy does not like it, let her make the bestof it.”

I grew up in an Italian ghetto. And the badaspects were that we really were identified ascriminals. When I was a child, people believedthat all the criminals were Italian. I think thepoint however, is that in many ways, you wouldfind Italians are pushed into organized crime.Members of minority groups who come to theUnited States are really cut off from the normalavenues of making it in American society. Theycan’t get ahead as well as everyone else. Theydon’t have the same avenues to get good jobsas other individuals. Now, organized crime,serves as the first ladder on a very interestingway of getting out of the ghetto.

Francis Ianni has written extensively onorganized crime and the origins of the mafia.

What did happen is the Italians, the Sicilians,did bring with them this notion of bandingtogether in families for protection.

For 1,000 years Sicily was occupied by waveafter wave of foreign invaders. To survive theSicilians formed underground movements toharass and fight their oppressor. Secrecy,cunning, and vengeance became almost a wayof life. Sicily bred the mafia.

In Sicilian villages any festival is an occasion tocelebrate the island’s clannish, sometimesviolent, traditions.

[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

I am a Sicilian, says the storyteller. A maninsulted my wife. He has to die. He embroidersa traditional tale of vengeance for a wrong doneto the family.

This has developed, also, a very ritualistic codeof justice. It’s really a very strong sense of honorcentered always in the family. It’s most famousin Sicily as the vendetta. The idea that ifsomeone injures someone in my family, I amrequired, I am bound, to do something to somemember of your family. And families haveliterally been wiped out, down to males asyoung as 11 years of age, as a result of this idea.In Sicily, when someone carries out a ritualisticmurder of this sort, his notion is it had to bedone. I was merely the instrument of doing it. Ithad to be done because my family was insulted.

The carretti are a familiar site at Sicilianfestivals. Their hand-painted carts are covered with scenes of bloody conflict from the island’shistory. They celebrate violent resistance tounjust oppression. This tradition traveled withthe immigrants to America. An influentialmember of the Californian Italian communitydescribes the process.

Now, what happened when the immigrationstarted that land in New York, New Orleans, et cetera. They were victim of the sameoppression. They couldn’t speak. They started to call them Dago. They started giving thehardest jobs with very low pay. Workers in thesubways, if they were they might go, what’syour name? Lombardi. Lombardi? Two dollars.What’s your name? McCallister. Five dollars.Same work, same place.

And a new immigrant, he can’t speak. Hedoesn’t know the laws of the countries. Hedon’t know where to go. He goes someplaceand they’ll look at him and says, well, someDago, leave him alone. So he goes to somefriends who has a little power, who has a littleknowledge, who has been there before him. So like I said, immigrants that come, they come to me. They come to an older immigrant. Whoknows what Glen produces. It’s good for string beans. It’s good for this. [INAUDIBLE] Heconsults with someone of his own because hecan trust him. So he goes to this man who hasbeen there before him and who has a little bitprestige. And he says, look what happened tome. What’s can I do? The man says OK. We’ll fixhim. And they fix him.

So, but, the Irish had the same trouble. Thepeople from Poland they had more or less thesame discrimination. But the reaction wasdifferent. Because they didn’t have anexperience to do otherwise. That’s the way theyknew it, fight in the street, bloody nose, end up in jail. The Sicilian don’t want to end up in jail.He want to get away with it.

I’ve seen the mafia here. We’ve had it here. Butto call them mafias, I wouldn’t call them mafias.Because right here in 1920 we had 325 crab boats and they had an association. And theseSicilians all agreed with this association to gocrabbing, which was our livinghood. And if theunion said, unload one sack of crabs, thatmeant for everybody. But if some guy wouldunload two sacks in the night and we found outabout it, he didn’t unload anymore sacks. Hewas finished. And they’d have him floatingdown the river because they felt if there’s apiece of bread we’re all going to eat it. And you aren’t going to eat the whole loaf. No way. Andthat’s the way it went.

I’ve seen many men stabbed in this locality. Inthis locality, where we’re taking this picturenow, was nothing but lumberyard and dumps.And I used to hunt birds there and so forth. Andmany times we’d go fishing with my father. It was on a Saturday or Sunday. And I would see aman laying in the street and maybe he wasstabbed to death. And my father would hit us akick in the rear, keep moving. You didn’t seenothing. You don’t know nothing.

So they used the same method that they wereusing there. Underground and try to make itjustice of their own. See what the regularexpression was, take the law in their ownhands.

Organized crime became automatically linkedwith Italians. The movies, the newspapers, thebarroom jokes have hammered home themessage. It was not always fair, but Americawas a promised land for crime as for everythingelse. And some Italians came well equipped toprofit from it. But if they ever had a monopoly,it didn’t last. By the time Las Vegas was anotorious mob haunt, in late 1940s, there were plenty of non-Italians who found that crimedidn’t pay forever.

Las Vegas has become the gambling capital ofthe world. Just as the Italians can’t stop beingidentified with organized crime, neither can Las Vegas itself.

People, as long as there are people, will alwayslink Vegas, or gambling, with organized crime.And there is no way that you’re going to tellthem anything different. And I know whatthey’re getting at. Have you seen any Italian‘hoods around? Oh, is there any of them aroundhere? Well, how did you get your job? I earnedmy job. I worked hard for my job. And I think Icame a long way in the 10 years that I’m here.

As far as organized crime, or anything being inLas Vegas in 20, 25 years ago, that was true. Asfar as today, if it is here, if in fact it is here, I havenever seen it. There may be hotels in town thatdo accept it. I don’t know. I have no way ofknowing. I don’t want to know. It’s none of mybusiness. I make a living. That’s all I’mconcerned with. I don’t harm no one. I don’twant no one to harm me.

As far as an element being here, if it’s here, fine.If it’s not here, fine too. What annoys me iswhen anyone says organized crime, or the wordthey use mafia, right away there is an Italianname hung onto it. OK fine, there may beItalians involved in it. But I’m sure there’sothers involved. Why always they make out anItalian to be an animal? When someone saysthat to me, and they better have the door openwhen they say that to me, if they mean it, or even in jest, because I’m very proud of being anItalian. Very proud of my heritage.

Let us not forget that the Italian-American hasbeen an asset to this country that we built it with our backs brick by brick. We didn’t steal it.We didn’t burn it.

The Italians resent the view that otherAmericans have of them. They have formedanti-Defamation leagues to guard theirreputation. They have organized ralliesdemanding their acceptance as goodAmericans.

Boycott those who call us mafia. Hurt them in the pocketbook. On July 4th we will buy nonewspapers and July 5th we will buy nonewspapers at all. We need your support. That’swhat’s wrong. Everybody who wants to use usfor a tool. Well, the comedian is done. The toolusing is finished. And if you, the Italian-Americans do not band together and work foryour Italian-American bretheren then youdeserve what you get. You deserve to stay at thebottom of the totem pole. This is not an anti-American crowd. This is Italians wanting theirplace under the sun.

The Italian peasants, particularly here in theWest, the ones who were resourceful,ambitious, and industrious, whose husbandrywas impeccable, went ahead and had a goodlife. The ones who, in addition to that, hadcunning, and that extraordinary endowment ofthe peasant, of the acquisitive man, but whenthe peasant has it cunning is something elseagain.

When we came in from fishing, we’d haveplenty of fish on the boats. And we had to stayon the boats or the seagulls would eat the fish.They’d take it away from us. And we had to stayin the boat and we put a little charcoal fire andcooked our meal on the boat. And I’m talkingway back now where we had none of this bigrestaurants on the wharf. And we had a littlecioppino. Buy a cioppino, we get a couple ofpotatoes, a piece of fish in a tomato sauce, andcook it on this charcoal fire. We tied a piece ofstring on a jug of wine and threw it overboard tokeep it cold in the water. The fumes of thiscooking went up on top of the wharf, and somepeople were looking down. There’s one thingabout the Sicilian, he’s got a big heart. And weinvited some of these people down. And theystart eating, by the time they ate all up. Wesays, well wait a minute now, some guy got abrain idea. And a Sicilian says, well jeez, if weput a restaurant here, maybe it’ll go.

The brain idea went with a bang. And today thewharf is a tourist wonderland of restaurantsand other attractions. The Italians made theirmark on the west coast. AP Giannini foundedbank in San Francisco called the Bank of Italy.It’s immigrant customers prospered. So did thebank. Today, it’s called the Bank of America,and it the largest in the world. By 1920, theItalians were the largest immigrant group in SanFrancisco. As the west grew rich, they were busyturning their immigrant dreams into Americandollars.

The garbage business in San Franciscodemonstrates the classic American dream ofrags to riches. San Francisco is the only majorcity in the world whose rubbish is cleared byprivate companies. The people who run, andwork in it, are mostly Italians from the North.The early immigrants became rag pickers out ofsheer necessity. Today their descendantscontrol a multi-million dollar industry. AJ Campi has seen this happen in his lifetime. Hisfather was a rag picker.

I went out with my dad one time collecting. Andthis lady came to the door and he tipped his hatand she knew him. She went back to get themoney. Meanwhile, her son come out and hejust bawled my dad back and forth. And calledhim dirty dago and a lot of different names. Andmy dad didn’t say nothing. I was boiling. I wasabout 12, 13. And when the lady come out andpaid him, my dad tipped his hat and says, thankyou, and he walked away. When we got downthe bottom of the stairs, I says, dad, I says, doyou take that? He says, forget it, he says, I gotthe money.

The Genoese are known as people of very hard,industrious workers. They’re very frugal.They’re very conservative. In other words, theyused to– this is a slang term I’m using– they used to say they’re the Italian Jew are the Genoese people. And the industry being what itwas, hard work, long hours, not too much pay,they went at it. I can recall my dad cominghome at 10 o’clock at night sometimes. I canalso recall that at noon my mom and I wouldhave a big pot of soup and meet my father up in the corner lot and give him a little soup and alittle wine, and then him go on to his work.

Our Italian heritage goes back to the day whenno one else wanted the business. We’ve stayedwith it. And we’ve tried to create the sametraditions and incentives, and pride in the work.I don’t think that anyone in San Francisco todayis ashamed to admit they work in the garbagebusiness. Years ago, it was a case where therewas some say, ethnic prongs put out and say,well, you’re Italian and you’re a garbage man.You have a strong back and a weak mind, andthat’s why you’re in the business.

You might go down the street and see nine or ten garbage companies, which was a horse and a wagon picking up garbage in the same block.So the Italians said that, well, why should tentrucks pick up the garbage in the same streetwhen one could do it more efficiently. So theyformed together this cooperative. And puttogether this business, which was called theSunset Scavenger Company.

All of a sudden the world, I say the world, notSan Francisco, but the world realized thateveryone makes garbage, whether they’reCommunist, socialistic, or capitalistic.Everybody makes garbage. It touches everyhuman being in the world. We changed thename to Solid Waste Management. And I thinkthat our company is very proud of the fact thatwe’ve been instrumental in developing thesystem, primarily through experience,knowledge, and really a gut feeling for theproblem of garbage. And relating thatexperience to the city officials, and in turn,we’ve worked together to develop what wehave today.

It was all those poor people that turned around and came over here and just worked andworked and worked and work. I think that’swhat made this country successful. It wasn’tjust the people that were here. Because a lot ofEuropeans came over here and they had a lotmore brains than the American people had. Andthey made a lot of places and changes in thiscountry. But they all did it by hard work. That’sall they knew. They didn’t know anything else.

Nelu Ferrarri has come a long way from theslums of San Francisco where he was broughtup. Today, he has his own motor repairbusiness. He soon learned about America. His parents found it more difficult.

They figured America was a golden place. Sothey came over here in 1912. And they figured they were going to make nothing but money.But they didn’t. My father was a truckman forthe Southern Pacific. And my mother was aseamstress. And they both had to work just tomake a living. He said that over here was twiceas good as over there. Over there it was real,real bad. They didn’t have this, and he went towork when he was nine. The whole story, poorpeople all over Europe. He always told us, wewere lucky we were eating. Things were rough,blagga, blagga, blagga. So we didn’t say anything. We weren’t allowed to say anything.You were seen and not heard. That’s the way it was.

And the big excuse was I don’t have aneducation. You don’t need an education. Justdon’t have to have an education to make adollar. All you got to do is work. But in thosedays there their big excuse was I didn’t have aschooling. I only went to one, two years inschool and my father threw me out. And I thinkit reflects back to their father. What their fathertreated them like Italy, they treated us overhere. That’s what it seems. It was run down theline.

They lived by a code that was a lot of malarkey.We have to abide by it until we can get out of there. And that’s what I did, I got out of there.When I was a kid, I used to watch mechanicswork on cars. They wouldn’t let me near them.And I used to think, look at that guy, he fixedthat car. Maybe he only made $20, but $20 to uswas big money, right. So I turned around andthought, well if he can do it, why can’t I do it?That was my theory.

I seen too much hardships and I figured I didn’twant to sit there making $40 a week. I wantedto make $80 a week. So that’s what I did. I usedto work eight hours a day in a gas station, andthen work eight hours at night for nothing in amechanic shop in San Francisco. He didn’t giveme a nickel. But he told me he’d teach me thebusiness. And that’s what I did. And that’s how Ilearnt it. And that’s why I’m in business today.

To this day, or until the day my dad died, hewould never let me touch his car. Even though Iknew I was good at it. He wouldn’t ever let metouch it. That’s my son, I don’t want himtouching my car. Til the day he died, nevertouched his car once.

Nelu got ahead by rejecting much of his Italianbackground. Many Italian Americans see this asa danger. [SPEAKING ITALIAN] San Franciscohas its own television programs for Italianssponsored by local Italian businesses. Theprograms are run by people who are trying tokeep alive in America the traditions of theItalian community.

[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

Alvaro Bituci, a high school administrator, runsthis show in his spare time. The Italian soccerresults come by courtesy of a local pizza house.

[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

There is always a message from the local priest.The language is Italian, but the audience isAmerican. Al Bituci realizes that the twocultures are not yet reconciled.

An immigrant, or a first generation, has a choiceof what he wants to be. He could either runaway, go to the Italian ghetto, and becomeItalian. And become quite influential in thatenvironment. Or he could run to the otherextreme and become, I hate to use the word, anAnglo-Saxon with an Italian name, manychanged their names, and become American.Or you can choose the difficult road of being inthe middle. But hopefully you get the best fromboth sides. You’re not one of either one, but youget the best of both, and, I think, it makes you abetter individual in the long run.

The Bituci family live Italian style. Threegenerations share the same house. And Italianis the only language permitted at home. And itwasn’t fair game.

[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

When I’m with Italians, at times they say, wellyou’re Italian. I say, no, I’m not. I’m anAmerican. I was born here in the United States.And yet, with the Americans, where I want to beaccepted as an American, I’m not really 100%accepted. I remember not too long agospeaking to an educator saying, I’m sorry Al,you’re a great person, but I’ve been brought upagainst unions, against Catholics, and againstItalians. It is just as simple as that.

[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

In Italy, the family, the son, the daughter, very,very close. And maybe no good. No good. InAmerica, I don’t know.

She says that in America people tend to thinkabout themselves first. Where the Italianbackground, or Latin background, it’s thefamily. The pressures come from all over,especially those that have not become involvedwith other communities or other races. Buthopefully rather than they educating us ofbreaking away from our past, I hope that wecan educate them to see the good qualities ofhaving all the differences and keeping our owntraditions and cultures.

I’m proud of being Italian, but that doesn’tmean that I’m proud of what I was, or how I wasbrought up. I’m proud of what I made myself. Iwon’t eat any pasta. Forget it, I had that stuffedin me since I can remember, and I don’t want it.I just hate the stuff. The priest’s got everythingto eat. Priest come into the door and they weregone. And you knew it’d happen, if there wasany good stuff the priest got it. Right now, weeat more American stuff in our house. If that’swhat my son wants a steak, he gets a steak.What the hell? That’s the name of the game.Which, if I wanted a steak, I’d have gottenprobably a clock in the head.

Anyone that really strives hard, in all colors orcreeds, really wants to make it, they can.Because it is a country, economically speaking,and so on that, you can get ahead. But then ithas to be the push from within. And I think thisis one thing that Italians have. Be it in theghetto, or wherever, the push from the family,the sticking together. And I had this from mymother and father.

A neighbor of the Bitucis, Selena Cerquetinni isabout to make her first visit to the village inItaly where her father and grandmother camefrom. She was born in San Francisco, but stillfeels Italian.

The people that see me, the first thing they’llsay, you don’t look like an Italian. I’ve alwaysfelt that I do look like an Italian. And I speakItalian, so, right there, there shouldn’t be anyquestions. My sister’s mother-in-law was therejust before she passed away. And she said shewas really surprised they do still live the way,because it’s so remote from the big city. That’ssomething I’ve always wanted. I’ve wanted togo from the time I was about 13 years old. Ican’t wait.

Lena had only two days in Rome. She was on ahectic package tour of Europe. But she wasdetermined to find the time to drive the 200miles to her village. The tourist attractionscame first.

Around here I can tell that they are muchsharper people and really out to make a buck asfast as they can get it. They’re not at allembarrassed about asking the highest pricethey can possibly get for things. I did ask forCoca Cola in English. And I heard him say inItalian to the bartender to charge us so muchbecause we were touristas. So I knew werebeing taken, but we were so thirsty.

Lena has no family left in [INAUDIBLE], the tinyvillage which the Cerquetinni’s left over 60 yearsago, but the house is still there. And so are thetenants who have lived in it since her family leftfor America. Lena became the absenteelandlord. So the visit of the americana is veryimportant to the tenant, Olivio Olivanti

It’s more beautiful than what I expected, butItaly has got to be the worst country aboutripping people off. I mean, they practically stealthings right off of you. And I know we werewarned in the hotel about our passports rightaway when we got there to put them in thevault. Don’t carry them around in the streets.

Olivanti’s wife is also concerned to make a goodimpression. She and Olivio have lived rent freefor years. She doesn’t understand that theAmerican’s visit is largely sentimental.

I think I could picture the house. The stonewalls and it’s like a village.

[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

I didn’t expect to see anything new or modern. I was surprised to see such a modern bathroom.And I noticed a freezer in the house, which wasa surprise. They have a little freezer.

[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

He mentioned the fact about that property, buthad we decided to sell or what was going on.And I told him, we aren’t sure yet because wejust lost my father and that would have to behandled through the estate now whatever. Shewas more concerned about it than he wasabout this property. To make sure when I gothome to get them started.

[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

These people have been earning some kind of aliving. And not caring enough to paint theirhouses, if nothing else, at least to brighten uptheir little village. If you’re going to have to sitthere and look at walls, you’d think you wouldwant to brighten them up and clean up thearea. I think it’s laziness too. Just closing downand taking a siesta for four hours. I can’t believethat. When you’re missing out on earningmoney. You have American money, you want tospend it, and you can’t spend it because herethe shops are closed. I mean, what is it? Is itlaziness or the I don’t care attitude? I mean, it’sjust unbelievable.

I just wanted to see it and now I feel I’msatisfied. I have seen it and I can understandwhy my father never wanted to come back.Because he had a better life really in the UnitedStates.

I’m real happy my dad came here. That’s whyI’m here. I don’t how I would be living in Italy.Ever since I was a kid, all I’ve ever heard it wasnothing but a disaster area.

So far as we knew, none of our ancestors hadever ventured farther than his legs could carryhim. We had always lived there. We alwayscontinue to live there. And the only move thatwe were certain to make was to join ourancestors in the cemetery one mile away. So faras I was concerned, and all my classmates inthat community, the possibility of rising aboveour birth was so remote actually as to be non-existent.

CRJ 310 Assignment 3: Leadership Personal Issues and the Rules of Law

Law enforcement in America has seen drastic changes over the past one hundred years, from the educational requirements of officers to the interpretation of the bill of rights. Law enforcement officers today are expected to perform their duties at a very high level of professionalism and morality. Unfortunately, when officers don’t perform at this high level it is their commanders who ultimately may be held responsible for their actions. Use your textbook, the Internet, and / or Strayer library to research credible sources on the aforementioned issues as they relate to law enforcement operations and management.

Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you:

  1. Examine the higher (postsecondary education) requirements that police hiring agencies have for potential candidates. Support or critique the requirement that officers possess such an education. 
  2. Compare and contrast the fundamental differences between arrest and searches and seizures conducted with and without warrants. Provide a rationale for why these areas are important as they relate to the Bill of Rights and Fourth Amendment guarantees.
  3. Compare and contrast the main ways in which Packard’s crime-control model and the due process model differ in the matter of police ethics. Provide your opinion on which of the two (2) approaches lends itself to the possibility of ethical violations in law enforcement?
  4. Hypothesize two (2) situations where police supervisors may be held criminally liable for their officers’ misconduct. 
  5. Use at least four (4) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format.

 

Points: 200

Assignment 3: Leadership Personal Issues and the Rules of Law

Criteria

 

Unacceptable

Below 60% F

Meets Minimum Expectations

60-69% D

 

Fair

70-79% C

 

Proficient

80-89% B

 

Exemplary

90-100% A

1. Examine the higher (postsecondary education) requirements that police hiring agencies have for potential candidates. Support or critique the requirement that officers possess such an education.

Weight: 25%

Did not submit or incompletely examined the higher (postsecondary education) requirements that police hiring agencies have for potential candidates. Did not submit or incompletely supported or critiqued the requirement that officers possess such an education.

Insufficiently examined the higher (postsecondary education) requirements that police hiring agencies have for potential candidates. Insufficiently supported or critiqued the requirement that officers possess such an education.

Partially examined the higher (postsecondary education) requirements that police hiring agencies have for potential candidates. Partially supported or critiqued the requirement that officers possess such an education.

Satisfactorily examined the higher (postsecondary education) requirements that police hiring agencies have for potential candidates. Satisfactorily supported or critiqued the requirement that officers possess such an education.

Thoroughly examined the higher (postsecondary education) requirements that police hiring agencies have for potential candidates. Thoroughly supported or critiqued the requirement that officers possess such an education.

2. Compare and contrast the fundamental differences between arrest and searches and seizures conducted with and without warrants. Provide a rationale for why these areas are important as they relate to the bill of rights and Fourth Amendment guarantees.
Weight: 20%

Did not submit or incompletely compared and contrasted the fundamental differences between arrest and searches and seizures conducted with and without warrants. Did not submit or incompletely provided a rationale for why these areas are important as they relate to the bill of rights and Fourth Amendment guarantees.

Insufficiently compared and contrasted the fundamental differences between arrest and searches and seizures conducted with and without warrants. Insufficiently provided a rationale for why these areas are important as they relate to the bill of rights and Fourth Amendment guarantees.

Partially compared and contrasted the fundamental differences between arrest and searches and seizures conducted with and without warrants. Partially provided a rationale for why these areas are  important as they relate to the bill of rights and Fourth Amendment guarantees.

Satisfactorily compared and contrasted the fundamental differences between arrest and searches and seizures conducted with and without warrants. Satisfactorily provided a rationale for why these areas are important as they relate to the bill of rights and Fourth Amendment guarantees.

Thoroughly compared and contrasted the fundamental differences between arrest and searches and seizures conducted with and without warrants. Thoroughly provided a rationale for why these areas are important as they relate to the bill of rights and Fourth Amendment guarantees.

3. Compare and contrast the main ways in which Packard’s crime-control model and the due process model differ in the matter of police ethics. Provide your opinion on which of the two approaches lends itself to the possibility of ethical violations in law enforcement.

Weight: 20%

Did not submit or incompletely compared and contrasted the main ways in which Packard’s crime-control model and the due process model differ in the matter of police ethics. Did not submit or incompletely provided your opinion on which of the two approaches lends itself to the possibility of ethical violations in law enforcement.

Insufficiently compared and contrasted the main ways in which Packard’s crime-control model and the due process model differ in the matter of police ethics. Insufficiently provided your opinion on which of the two approaches lends itself to the possibility of ethical violations in law enforcement.

Partially compared and contrasted the main ways in which Packard’s crime-control model and the due process model differ in the matter of police ethics. Partially provided your opinion on which of the two approaches lends itself to the possibility of ethical violations in law enforcement.

Satisfactorily compared and contrasted the main ways in which Packard’s crime-control model and the due process model differ in the matter of police ethics. Satisfactorily provided your opinion on which of the two approaches lends itself to the possibility of ethical violations in law enforcement.

Thoroughly compared and contrasted the main ways in which Packard’s crime-control model and the due process model differ in the matter of police ethics. Thoroughly provided your opinion on which of the two approaches lends itself to the possibility of ethical violations in law enforcement.

4. Hypothesize two (2) situations where police supervisors may be held criminally liable for their officers’ misconduct.

Weight: 20%

Did not submit or incompletely hypothesized two (2) situations where police supervisors may be held criminally liable for their officers’ misconduct.

Insufficiently hypothesized two (2) situations where police supervisors may be held criminally liable for their officers’ misconduct.

Partially hypothesized two (2) situations where police supervisors may be held criminally liable for their officers’ misconduct.

Satisfactorily hypothesized two (2) situations where police supervisors may be held criminally liable for their officers’ misconduct.

Thoroughly hypothesized two (2) situations where police supervisors may be held criminally liable for their officers’ misconduct.

5. 4 references

Weight: 5%

No references provided

Does not meet the required number of references; all references poor quality choices.

Does not meet the required number of references; some references poor quality choices.

Meets number of required references; all references high quality choices.

Exceeds number of required references; all references high quality choices.

6. Clarity, writing mechanics, and formatting requirements

Weight: 10%

More than 8 errors present

7-8 errors present

5-6 errors present

3-4 errors present

0-2 errors present