Powerpoint presentation

/in /by

 

The presentation must be based upon a controversial issue in corrections.

 I have listed sample topics for you below.  Your classmates will be commenting on your power point in week 15’s discussion board. 

Please chose a topic and pick a position, either pro or con.  If there is another topic you would like to explore, please e-mail me with your topic for approval. 

If you are choosing one of the topics below, you do not need to e-mail me for approval. 

Requirements:

 Choose a topic from the list below and begin your research.

  Pick one side of the issue – this will be the focus of your presentation.

Fully research your topic.  This is not based on opinion.  Although you may have an opinion on the issue, you need research/empirical data to support your position.  This is an academic assignment.

Make sure you have a minimum of 10 to 15 slides – this does not include your cover slide or your reference slide.

Provide a cover slide with the name of your presentation, your name, our course name, my name and the date.

All slides must have intext citations according to APA format.  Reference your work.

You must utilize at least 4 sources for this assignment.  Make sure you utilize the Berkeley library.  Do not “google” me an assignment and DO NOT USE WIKI!!!  One of your sources can be your OCR.  One of your sources must be a journal article.  The other two sources can be a combination of journal articles, government reports, books, etc.  Any source you use must be a reputable source. 

You must have a reference slide which lists all of your sources in APA format.

Your slides should be informative, descriptive and creative. 

Please let me know if you have any questions.

Power PointPerformance Categories    Below Expectation(10 below points)Basic/Needs Improvement(15 points) Proficient (20 points)Outstanding (25points)PointsComprehension/demonstratedknowledge of subject area  Total Points =10Student’s slides lack all detail.  Student has less than the required ten slides.  Slides display almost no information regarding the topic and lack all insight. No new ideas or applications presented. Cover slide may be missing. Slides are not informative, descriptive or creative.  Student bases his/her response entirely on opinion.  Limited to no connections are made to current content or real life situations. Student’s slides lack significant detail. Slides display moderate information regarding the  topic and no insight/analysis.  Few ideas or applications presented. Slides are slightly informative, descriptive or creative. Student bases his/her response on opinion.  Student makes limited connections to current content or real life situationsStudent’s slides lack some detail . Slides display information regarding the  topic but very little insight/analysis.  Ideas and applications lack detail. Slides are moderately informative, descriptive or creative.  Student has some empirical support and makes a connection to current content or real life situations. Student’s slides are detailed and display significant information regarding the topic.   Slides display insight/analysis into the discussion and fully explain the  topic.  The presentation contains fully developed ideas and applications. Slides are highly informative, descriptive and creative. Student’s response is grounded in empirical data and makes connections to current content or real life situations.  Points Comprehension=Quality of Research and Sources Total Points =10  Student has 1 or no sources and no journal article. Student does not have a journal article and/or less 2 or less sources.Presentation has 3 reputable sources, which include at least one journal article.Presentation has 4 reputable sources, which include at least one journal article.Points Research=Organization & Mechanics Grammar and Spelling  Total Points = 2.5 Presentation has no introduction, body and/or conclusion.  It is not focused on the  topic.  There are a substantial number of spelling and grammatical errors. It is not very coherent.Presentation lacks an introduction, body and/or conclusion.  It is not focused on the topic.  There are many spelling and grammatical errors. It lacks clarity.Presentation has an introduction, body and conclusion.  It strays slightly from the topic.  Presentation has some spelling and grammatical errors.Presentation has an introduction, body and conclusion.  It remains focused on the Topic. Presentation has very few spelling and grammatical errors.  Points Organization & Mechanics=Tools/References and citations in APA format & Research Quality Total Points  = 2.5Student provides no intext citations and/or full references that adhere to APA guidelines. Student does not provides intext citations and and/or references that adhere to APA guidelines. Student provides a full reference that adheres to APA guidelines but is missing intext citations. Student provides intext citations and full references that adhere to APA guidelines.  Points Tools =    TOTAL POINTS :25 

TOPICS

1.       DEATH PENALTY

PRO:  The death penalty provides an effective method to obtain justice.

CON: The death penalty does not serve as an effective method for obtaining justice.

2.       SOLITARY CONFINEMENT

PRO: Solitary confinement is an effective method of correctional discipline.

CON: Solitary confinement is an ineffective method of correctional punishment and is equivalent to cruel and unusual punishment.

3.      MANDATORY HEALTH CARE

PRO:  Inmates should have a constitutional right to healthcare.

CON: Inmates should not have a constitutional right to healthcare.

 COLLEGE PROGRAMMING FOR INMATES

PRO:  Inmates should be allowed access to college programming while incarcerated

CON: Inmates should not be allowed access to college programming while incarcerated

COLLEGE DEGREES FOR CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS

PRO:  All correctional officers should be required to possess a college degree to perform their job well.

CON:  It is unnecessary for correctional officers to possess a college degree to perform their job well.

 NURSEY PROGRAM

PRO:  Nursery programs in prison are essential to preserve the mother-child bond.

CON:  Nursery programs are inappropriate for the prison environment.

 PRISON FACILITIES SHOULD BE GENDER-SPECIFIC TO CORRECTIONAL STAFF

PRO:  Only male officers should be allowed to work in male facilities and only female officers should be allowed to work in female facilities.

CON:  It is beneficial for male officers to work with female inmates and for female officers to work with male inmates.

8.       CONJUGAL VISITS/FAMILY PRESERVATION PROGRAMS

PRO:  Conjugal visitation should be allowed for prisoners. 

CON:  Conjugal visitation should not be allowed for prisoners.

 COMMUNITY-BASED CORRECTIONAL PROGRAMMING 

PRO:  Community-based correctional programs are an effective method of punishment and have a significant effect on recidivism and reintegration.

CON:  Community-based correctional programs are an ineffective method of punishment and have no effect on recidivism and reintegration.

 HIRING THE FORMERLY INCARCERATED

PRO:  Agencies and organizations should be encouraged to hire ex-offenders.

CON:  Ex-offenders are a detriment to the work environment and a liability to employers. 

11.   MANDATORY HIV TESTING

PRO:  All inmates should be tested for HIV.

CON:  Inmates should only be tested for HIV on a voluntary basis.

 PRIVATIZED CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES

PRO:  Privatized correctional facilities are managed as effective as state or federally managed facilities and save money.

CON:  Privatized facilities have proven ineffective; all correctional facilities should be state or federally managed.

 FELONY RECORDS

PRO:  A person’s felony record should be retained for their entire life. 

CON:  After a period of time, an individual’s felony record should be expunged.

 CIVIL COMMITMENT OF SEX OFFENDERS

PRO:  All sex offenders should be subject to civil commitment following incarceration.

CON:  Civil commitment violates double jeopardy and civil rights standards.

 CHEMICAL CASTRATION OF SEX OFFENDERS

PRO:  Sex offenders should be subjected to chemical castration to reduce the incidence of future sex crimes.

CON:  Chemical castration constitutes cruel and unusual punishment and violates civil rights standards. 

CJ305 W1D

/in /by

DUE IN 5 HOURS!!!!!!! NO PLAGIARISM

 

Read the articles noted in the links below and apply the concepts noted above to help you with this discussion.

Links:

Explain the ethical issue outlined below regarding the Department of Justices decision to implement the project – Fast and Furious.

Possible questions to address:

  • Was this program necessary to achieve the results the DOJ believes it would?
  • Was there another way the DOJ could have reduced gun trafficking across the border besides allowing people to purchase firearms illegally?

In 2009, the Department of Justice (DOJ) allowed the illegal purchases of firearms known as straw purchases (guns purchased by an individual who can legally own a firearm for someone else who cannot buy a firearm legally) in Project Gunrunner otherwise known as Fast and Furious (CNN, 2019, para. 7).  The DOJ justifies their decision by stating that this was an effective way to track and arrest individuals who were trafficking firearms between the United States and Mexico (U.S. Department of Justice, 2009).  In 2010, when U.S. Border Agent, Brian Terry was killed with one of the illegally purchased weapons, the DOJ justified their tactics by stating that gunrunner programs like the Fast and Furious reduce gun trafficking across the border (CNN, 2019).

Below are the citations for the above noted articles.

References

CNN. (2019, February 28). Operation fast and furious fast facts. Retrieved from cnn.com: https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/27/world/americas/operation-fast-and-furious-fast-facts/index.html

The United States Department of Justice. (2009, April 2). Fact sheet: Department of Justice efforts to combat Mexican drug cartels. Retrieved from justice.gov: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/fact-sheet-department-justice-efforts-combat-mexican-drug-cartels

Criminal Justice Ethics – Week 5 Assignment Official Misconduct

/in /by

 

Prologue:

Today at noon, an undercover, Federal Agent, Hans Cuff arranged a briefing at the sheriff’s department.  All the ATF agents, Grantham County Deputies, and University City Officers involved in the drug investigation regarding the large shipment of meth were present for this meeting. 

Cuff informed the officers that the confidential informant, Mookie, called him this morning to fill him in on the details of the shipment of meth.  Mookie told Cuff to be at 123 Elm Street, University City, at 3:00 p.m.; this is when and where the delivery of meth will take place. After the briefing, Cuff was fitted with a wire so the other officers could hear what was transpiring in the house. All the officers received their instructions on where to post around the house and down the street so as not to draw attention to themselves.  At 2:45 p.m., Agent Cuff arrived at 123 Elm Street and knocked at the door.

 Mookie answered the door and told Cuff to come inside; once Cuff stepped into the house, Mookie shut the door behind him.  All of a sudden, Dreadford grabbed Cuff’s right arm and another male who Cuff did not know grabbed his left arm. Mookie put a gun to the back of Cuff’s head and told him to kneel. 

Cuff slowly kneeled to the floor; he said, “The same thing happened to me in Vegas” (This was the safe phrase to alert the other officers that Cuff was in trouble).  In no time at all, several officers kicked in the front and back doors, entered the house, and held all three suspects at gunpoint.  The officers arrested Mookie, Dreadford, and the other male identified as Pedro Ramirez without incident. After reading the suspects Miranda warnings, both Dreadford and Ramirez asked for an attorney, so the officers booked these two into the county jail.   

Mookie was the only one who agreed to talk but only if he could get a deal.  Detective Stubblefield said he would speak to the county prosecutor and see what he could do.  However, the deal was dependent on the value of the information.  Mookie told Detective Stubblefield that the dispatcher dating Dreadford is the one who gave them all the confidential information on the city and county’s drug investigations.  Mookie asked Detective Stubblefield if the information was good enough to get a deal.

Detective Stubblefield said, “I believe it is.”  Detective Stubblefield put Mookie into protective custody and booked him in the county jail where the correctional officers will make sure to segregate Mookie from other inmates.

Based on the information Mookie provided, Stubblefield received a warrant to search Badpenny’s house.  When the officers served the warrant, and arrested and charged Imogene Badpenny with possession of methamphetamines (felony), possession of drug paraphernalia (misdemeanor), and official misconduct (misdemeanor) (using her position at the sheriff’s office to access confidential information for personal gain).  While at Badpenny’s house, the officers’ uncovered evidence to collaborate Mookie’s story about the documents Badpenny obtained for Dreadford regarding the drug investigations.

After Badpenny’s arrest, the sheriff fired her, and with the loss of her job, Badpenny did not have enough money to hire an attorney.  During Badpenny’s arraignment, Judge Noble Hands had Badpenny fill out indigent paperwork to request a public defender and set her bond at $50,000.  Badpenny was not able to post bond given her financial situation, so she returned to the jail where Badpenny will stay until her next court appearance.

Assignment:

This week use the information in chapters 8 and 9 to complete a 2 to 3 – page paper, discussing the ethical system that explains why Badpenny’s gave Dreadford confidential information, and how indigency affects an offender’s ability to receive competent council.  Also, analyze how conflicts of interest may occur with attorneys (both prosecution and defense) along with the judge in the above scenario.  

*Hint: remember, Badpenny has worked for the sheriff’s department for years and lives in the community; she probably knows all of the attorneys and judges.

Type all papers in Times New Roman 12pt font – include the header, title page, and reference page; APA formatting is required in this course.  Use at least two scholarly reference sources such as the textbook and scholarly peer-reviewed articles obtained from the Grantham Library. Additional references may be procured from the Internet. Citing your references by using parenthetical citations (in-text citations) is a skill that each student must demonstrate in this course.

REPLY TO CLASSMATE’S POST

/in /by

How important a role does training play in the field of Criminal Justice? Do you think that it is something that could be cut when budgets get tight, without harmful results?

PLEASE EXPLAIN WHETHER YOU AGREE WITH MY CLASSMATE RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE STATEMENT AND WHY? (A MININUM OF 125 WORDS) 

                                                        CLASSMATE’S POST

I would argue that training is vital in the field of criminal justice and anytime a cut to a budget is made training should be spared. I would argue that an agency that trains would reduce liability for an agency and in the long run could end up saving money in the budget because of the money spent on training creating a return on investment. The saving would come because of for instance, fewer lawsuits from officer misconduct and lower insurance costs saving numerous monetary payments and court costs.  This would be a direct result of a better trained staff who has more tools and can think more critically which reduces liability and costs to an agency.  I would also look at the other side from a criminal justice professional working in the field that training provides for safety skills that reduce line of duty injury or death. This also in turn could reduce costs as well because it could reduce overtime that is paid out or medical bills because of serious line of duty injuries.  If the training budget would to be cut and a person in the field would die in the line of duty, one could argue that the family of the person could have a valid claim for litigation if it was able to provide a link that proves that reduction or cuts in training led to the death in the line of duty. 

Discussion responses for extra credit

/in /by

   

Budget is $3.00 you will only be answering 1 question to each discussion response. 

Discussion Response # 1

One concept from our textbook that I found particularly interesting is decarceration.  In an effort to reduce imprisonment percentages, legislators have incorporated decarceration polices.  One technique used is to reduce the number of nonviolent offenders behind bars by increasing the rate of release (Gaines & Miller, 2017).

A current news article I located discusses paroling elderly inmates with lengthy sentences who have committed a violent crime.  According to the article, the Unger v. Maryland court ruling demonstrates that elderly, violent offenders can be safely released provided they participate in reentry education before and after release (Schindler, 2018).  Another point made in the article is that parole should focus on assessing the present risk of re-offending instead of focusing on the crime that was committed (Schindler, 2018).  Research suggests the elderly are least likely to be a threat to public safety (Schindler, 2018).  Releasing senior inmates can decrease the prison population and save taxpayer dollars (Schindler, 2018).

1. What are some unintended consequences of releasing elderly offenders who have committed violent crimes as opposed to those who have committed nonviolent crimes?

Discussion response #2

When deadly force is used in the community, debates start to form about when deadly force should be used, if it was necessary, and what alternative action could have taken place. Some law enforcement agencies are trying out new ways to apprehend suspects without using deadly force. This nonlethal device is a high powered lasso device called the Bola Wrap 3000.

1. Do you think that instead of using deadly force a officer would be more inclined to use the Bola Wrap 3000 on a suspect who may pose as a threat?  

REPLY TO CLASSMATE’S POST

/in /by

Digital crime is a relatively new area of law and the previous concepts of law, property, presence, and even theft have been revised during these past 20 years.  For the future, how can American police investigate or stop digital criminality when the actors are outside the geographical boundaries of the United States?  Is that kind of crime outside the ability of a state and local police force?Is it realistic to stop the kinds of digital crimes that are as common as speeding tickets?
Downloading of music & movies or other intellectual property for personal use?  
I don’t think anyone could contest that it is stealing, but is it possible that it is so common, with an individual event cost so small, and offenders who are in all other respects, non-criminal, that criminal investigation & prosecution of this is a poor use of resources?  
Perhaps there is an easier way to slow the theft?
Should we rely upon the same technology that steals, to protect the property? Just as a side note: I have a small role in providing technical assistance to a brick and mortar university with about 3400 residential traditional aged students there. The task was to reduce the rampant use of bandwidth consumed by the students outside of class hours. The answer was a firewall to filter and throttle the access and speeds of data. After 8 pm at night, what would you guess was the #1 consumer of bandwidth? Students doing homework? Nope—pornsites.
#2 was Netflix/Hulu.
When the filters were in place, 71% of the requests were filtered out because of porn or other sites deemed unacceptable to the university. What does this say about the utility of the internet?

PLEASE REPLY TO MY CLASSMATE RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE QUESTIONS AND EXPLAIN WHY YOU AGREE? (A MINIMUM OF 125 WORDS)

                                                CLASSMATE’S POST

Technology has changed the world and the people within the world seem to try and change with the advancement of technology. My students are always told to stay off certain websites and complete their work. But instead the do something totally different, including trying to watch porn! At some point there just must be some more consequences or the removal of equipment from the room. It really makes you think about the future and what is it going to be like. It is easier to steal it is easier for, individuals to purchase things with the credit card on file. When you think about it, it is a lot! 

I do think it is easier to give out a traffic ticket than stop cybercrime. Both requires humans but, it is way easier to do a veto than stop a bully online. The bully can run and hide within different websites, if you run from the officer there are consequences and there will be a fine to pay. Stopping a cyber bully also requires one to spend time online looking and trying to figure out who is who and who is really doing the bullying. Sometimes this maybe easy and sometimes it may not be so easy.

CJ305 A1

/in /by

Morals/ethics and human behavior

Imogene Badpenny is the supervisor for Grantham County Sheriff’s Department dispatchers.  Badpenny has worked for Grantham County for 16 years with a stellar work record.  Recently, Badpenny has started dating Mitch Dreadford who is known by local law enforcement as one of the biggest drug dealers in the county.  Dreadford has a previous felony arrest and served time in prison for the sale, distribution, and manufacturing of methamphetamines. Badpenny believes she is in love with Dreadford but is keeping her relationship a secret because of Dreadford’s past criminal history.  Badpenny would prefer to avoid any negative comments or being scrutinized by the officers or dispatchers that she works with because or her choice in boyfriends. Recently, Badpenny started dispatching part-time for the University City Police Department to give her extra funds to buy a new car. Mitch Dreadford lives in University City, which is located in Grantham County.  From time to time Badpenny, will visit Dreadford at his home.  However, Badpenny does not want the officers in University City finding out that she is dating Dreadford, so when she visits Dreadford, Badpenny parks her vehicle a couple of blocks away and then walks to Dreadford’s house. While working at both Grantham County Sheriff’s Department and University City, Badpenny has access to sensitive information like social security numbers, driver’s license information, and past criminal records.  In addition to all the personal information, Badpenny is allowed to view past and current criminal investigations from the officers and detectives.  During her 16 years of employment, Badpenny has never violated any departmental policies or procedures and rarely calls in sick.  Also, to obtain her position as a police dispatcher, Badpenny passed an intensive background investigation and a polygraph examination. 

Analyze the scenario above, applying at least four ethical concepts to this situation. Also, discuss whether this scenario would align with the beliefs of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, or Stoics – give examples. 

Topics in Cultural Studies unit 2 IP

/in /by

 

You are a senior manager at a highly profitable equipment manufacturing organization. You and other senior leaders have decided to partner with an international company on several projects of mutual interest.

Your company is headquartered in the United States. Your new partner will be located in one of the following countries:

  • Saudi Arabia
  • China
  • Japan
  • India
  • Brazil

Pick 1 of these countries to research. Prior to sending your team to the country you selected, you will need to train your staff on certain aspects of their culture that impact business interactions. Present information on each of the following topics for your chosen international partner country, and compare and contrast to American cultural practices where necessary:

  1. Geographic and demographic information
  2. Basic business etiquette (e.g., forms of address or greeting, working hours, punctuality, distinctions between genders and age groups, gift-giving, and so on)
  3. Dress code
  4. Language(s) spoken, verbal and nonverbal communication
  5. Dining norms
  6. Religion(s) observed
  7. Holidays observed

Present this information, with appropriate pictures and graphics, in a PowerPoint presentation intended for your company staff. Generally, the main topics or bullet points should appear on the slides with supporting visuals, while the Speaker Notes area should be used to go into more depth regarding these main topics. Your presentation should consist of a minimum of 12 slides, including a title slide, an introductory slide, a conclusions slide, and a references slide. 

Use the following resources for assistance:

  • Access the template provided, or create your own slideshow following the requirements listed above.
  • Refer to the Microsoft Office Web site for assistance with PowerPoint. 
  • The Smarthinking resource is also available to assist you with the basics of the PowerPoint tool.

Use at least 2 sources when researching information on your chosen country. Remember to use credible, current sources to support your presentation (use the attached for conducting the TRAP test). Use APA reference and citation format for the sources that you use. Place citations on the relevant slides with one or two slides at the end for your reference list.

For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web resources, course resource lists, scholarly internet sources, and all course materials. 

Fantasy Presidential Campaign Activity

/in /by

 (Need in 8 hours 100% plagiarism free CANNOT BE COPIED ALL ORIGINAL WORK!!!)

In this activity you are going to apply what you have learned this week about policy as well as apply what you have learned in this course so far to create a basic presidential campaign plan.

Imagine that you have been serving the past few years as the governor of your home state or a U.S. Senator representing your home state. You have done great work and face no challenge in winning the nomination of your party to run in the General Election. In your campaign plan, please address the following:

Part 1: Campaign Details

·  What is your home state?

·  What is your political party?

·  What is your campaign tagline or slogan? Almost all recent presidential campaigns have had a theme song. For example, in 1992, Bill Clinton used the song,” Don’t Stop,” by Fleetwood Mac. In 2012, Republican nominee Mitt Romney used the song, “Born Free,” by Kid Rock. What is your campaign theme song? Why did you select that song.

·  Select someone to be your Vice Presidential Running Mate. You can pick anyone that would eligible, per the Constitution, to serve as President. Why did you select this person to be your vice presidential running mate? How do they help improve your chances on winning the General Election?

Part 2: Your Issues

·  Select and describe two (2) domestic policy issues your campaign is advocating.

·  Why did you select these domestic policy issues to focus on? Use polling data from a reputable polling source such as pew research to support your decision.

·  For each domestic policy issue write a simple one sentence “elevator pitch” that you would use to easily communicate your position to the masses.

·  Select and describe two (2) economic policy issues your campaign is advocating.

·  Why did you select these economic policy issues to focus on? Use polling data from a reputable polling source such as pew research to support your decision.

·  For each economic policy issue write a simple one sentence “elevator pitch” that you would use to easily communicate your position to the masses.

·  Select and describe two (2) foreign policy issues your campaign is advocating.

·  Why did you select these foreign issues to focus on? Use polling data from a reputable polling source such as pew research to support your decision.

·  For each foreign policy issue write a simple one sentence “elevator pitch” that you would use to easily communicate your position to the masses.

Part 3: Your Strategy

Considering the Electoral College vote, which specific states would you campaign in? Keep in mind you have limited resources and that you can’t campaign in every state. Think about what states you would need to win in order to win the general election. Based on historical data, do you actually have a chance to win? Would you be able secure enough electoral votes to win the general election by these states.

To help you think about this part of the assignment you may want to find online and play with an “Interactive Electoral College Map.” Here are some website that you could use to help:

270 To Win

U.S. Election Atlas

Electoral College Interactive Map

2016: Make Your Prediction

Be sure to include a reference list of all sources that you used to complete your paper.

Please note: APA formatting and citations rules apply to this and all essays in this course.

“A” WORK DISCUSSION REPLY IN 10 HOURS or LESS

/in /by

  

Review the U.S. Department of Treasury website by clicking the link below.
https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/faqs/Markets/Pages/national-debt.aspx
Referencing the U.S. government’s obligation to be financially transparent with its citizens, should public leaders update citizens about the effects of the national (federal) debt when funding programs are approved? Is it important to lower the national debt, or is the national debt just something we pass on to the next generation? Explain your answer. 

PLEASE REPLY TO MY CLASSMATE RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE QUESTIONS AND EXPLAIN WHY YOU AGREE? (A MINIMUM OF 150 WORDS or MORE) 

                                                     CLASSMATE’S POST

The budget and the corresponding deficit are always front and center during political debates and condemnation of the other political party. When it comes to politics and the appearance of being honest, transparency is very important. What is usually missing is what the difference between the two means in relations to the public and normal tax payer. The feds have several measures to explain what the liabilities of the government are. The public leaders should not have to update the public on the effects of a programs budget of the entire budget except when the annual budget is proposed, and a deficit is expected. A balanced budget that includes paying down debt should also be explained to the public.

           Every time the debt increases, and the deficits starts to stack up it can speak volumes about the economy and in turn the political party making policy. The budget and deficit can be manipulated based on interpreting the numbers and what part of the story they tell. I believe it is important to lower the debt when possible and avoid increasing the deficit to the debt ceiling. The real question would be to ask is what would happen to life is the U.S. was without debt? Paying on its debt is on a grand scale that we all do, however if we did not have debt and we or the U.S. took in more money in taxes than expenses, what happens to the surplus? No more debt, no more need for treasury bonds, then what happens?