Multiple choice

1. Which case held that where the tortious acts of two or more tortfeasors join together to produce an indivisible injury, all of the wrongdoers will be held jointly and severally liable for the entire damages and plaintiff can proceed against any one tortfeasor separately or against all of them in one suit?

A Landers v. East Texas Salt Water Disposal Co., 248 S.W.2d 73 (Tex. 1952).

B Anderson v. Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway, 179 N.W. 45 (Minn. 1920).

C Salinetro v. Nystro, 341 So. 2d 1059 ( Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1977).

D Joshi v. Providence Health Sys. Of Oregon Corp., 149 P.3d 1164 (Or. 2006).

 

2. What approach to the plaintiff’s claim for a loss of opportunity for a substantially better recovery due to defendant’s negligence was adopted in the case of In Lord v. Lovett, 770 A. 2d 1103 (N.H. 2001)?

A Plaintiff must prove that due to defendant’s negligence, plaintiff was deprived of at least a 51% of a more favorable outcome in her recovery, at which point plaintiff can recover damages for the entire preexisting condition.

B Plaintiff can submit her case to the jury upon proof that the defendant’s negligence more likely than not either “increased the harm” to plaintiff, or “destroyed a substantial possibility” of achieving a more favorable outcome in her recovery. Once proven, plaintiff can recover damages for the entire preexisting condition.

C Plaintiff must establish the causal link between the defendant’s negligence and the lost opportunity for a better recovery, and plaintiff can prevail even if her chances of a better recovery are less than 51%. However, plaintiff can only recover damages directly attributable to the defendant’s negligence.

D None of the above.

 

3. Joint tortfeasors include which of the following groups?

A Two or more individuals who act independently but cause a single, indivisible tortuous injury to the plaintiff.

B Two or more individuals who act in concert to commit a tort which causes injury to the plaintiff.

C Two or more individuals who share legal responsibility for a tort under a theory of vicarious liability.

D All of the above.

 

4. Joint and several liability permits which of the following results?

A Plaintiff can enforce an entire judgment against any of the defendants individually.

B If one defendant pays more than his proportional share of liability, he can seek contribution for the excess from the remaining defendants.

C Plaintiff can recover more than the total amount of the judgment if the defendants have sufficient resources.

D Both A & B. 

 

Multiple Questions Answers

1. It costs Mackey Company $22 of variable and $15 of fixed costs to produce one Panini press which normally sells for $57. A foreign wholesaler offers to purchase 1,000 Panini presses at $35 each. Mackey would incur special shipping costs of $5 per press if the order were accepted. Mackey has sufficient unused capacity to produce the 1,000 Panini presses. If the special order is accepted, what will be the effect on net income?
a. $8,000 increase
b. $8,000 decrease
c. $22,000 decrease
d. $7,000 increase

2. Keller Company manufactures a product with a unit variable cost of $150 and a unit sales price of $264. Fixed manufacturing costs were $720,000 when 10,000 units were produced and sold. The company has a one-time opportunity to sell an additional 3,000 units at $210 each in a foreign market which would not affect its present sales. If the company has sufficient capacity to produce the additional units, acceptance of the special order would affect net income as follows:
a. Income would decrease by $162,000.
b. Income would decrease by $36,000.
c. Income would increase by $63,000.
d. Income would increase by $180,000.

3. D’Arabian Company incurred the following costs for 70,000 units:
Variable costs $420,000
Fixed costs 392,000
D’Arabian has received a special order from an Armenian company for 3,000 units. There is sufficient capacity to fill the order without jeopardizing regular sales. Filling the order will require spending an additional $6,300 for shipping.
If D’Arabian wants to break even on the order, what should the unit sales price be?
a. $6.00
b. $8.10
c. $11.60
d. $13.70

4. Lagasse Company incurred the following costs for 50,000 units:
Variable costs $180,000
Fixed costs 240,000
Lagasse has received a special order from a foreign company for 5,000 units. There is sufficient capacity to fill the order without jeopardizing regular sales. Filling the order will require spending an additional $8,500 for shipping.
If Lagasse wants to earn $8,000 on the order, what should the unit price be?
a. $3.30
b. $11.70
c. $5.20
d. $6.90

accounting

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Continue?’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.option.required’] = ‘At least one option must be selected from the list.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validate.alignment.missing.content’] = ‘You selected alignments but did not select any alignable content to copy.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validate.range.morethen.str’] = ‘More Than {0}’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.radio.required’] = ‘Make a selection to continue.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.negative’] = ‘A valid non-negative value must be entered: {0}.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validate.range.between.str’] = ‘Between {0} and {1}’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.password’] = ‘Password cannot be empty or contain only spaces.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘invalid_char.space’] = ‘space’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘common.list.separator.comma’] = ‘{0}, {1}’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validate.invalidate.number.space’] = ‘Space’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.date_past.confirm’] = ‘The time is in the past.nContinue with this time?’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.date.required’] = ‘A complete date value must be provided: {0}.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.invalid_chars’] = ‘Contains illegal characters: {0}.nDelete these characters: {1}’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.mismatch’] = ‘The values entered do not match: {0}.nConfirm: {0}.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validate.login.invalid.username.or.pass’] = ‘Enter a username and password.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.date_equal’] = ‘The start date cannot be equal to the end date.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.valid_course_id’] = ‘Course id contains illegal characters or multibyte characters.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.cmp_field.rejected’] = ‘The {0} cannot be used without a corresponding {1} value.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.percent’] = ‘A valid percent value between 0 and 100 must be entered.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.maximum_length.singular’] = ‘Must not contain more than {1} characters: {0}.nReduce the size of the input by one character.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.minimum_length’] = ‘A minimum of {0} characters must be entered: {1}.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘active.filter.free.form.text.blank’] = ‘Specify a value for the search text field’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.invalid_value’] = ‘Invalid numeric value provided: {0}.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.multiSelect.maxItems’] = ‘Multiselect box should not contain more than {0} number of items.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘vtbe.artifact.footer.validate.nameIfSaveArtifact’] = ‘Specify a Name in order to Save as a Reusable Object.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.multiSelect.minItems’] = ‘Multiselect box should contain at least {0} number of items.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validate.enrolloptions.error.codeconflict’] = ‘The Access Code Enrollment option conflicts with the selection of {instructor} Led enrollment.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.maximum_length’] = ‘Must not contain more than 255 characters’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.maximum_length.plural’] = ‘Must not contain more than {1} characters: {0}.nReduce the size of the input by {2} characters.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validate.enrolloptions.error.nooption’] = ‘Warning: Choose either the {instructor} Led or the Self-Enrollment option.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.portal.tool.items.remove’] = ‘Delete: {0}?’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘active.filter.search.terms’] = ‘Search Terms’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘assessment.incomplete.confirm.backtrackProhibited.survey’] = ‘The following questions may be incomplete:n {0}nClick cancel to return to the survey. 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Click Ok to submit assessment.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.plain_text.confirm’] = ‘To display equations correctly in this document, Smart Text or HTML format must be selected.nClick ‘OK’ to save in selected Plain Text format or click ‘Cancel’ to select a new format.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.date_past’] = ‘The end date cannot be earlier than the start date.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.allow_negtive.percent’] = ‘A valid percent value between -100 and 100 must be entered.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.integer_number’] = ‘A valid integer numeric value must be entered: {0}.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.association.refresh.confirm’] = ‘The associated items information might have been updated.nClick ‘OK’ to refresh the list or click ‘Cancel’ to keep the current page.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.image_type’] = ‘Unknown image type: {0}. Image may not display correctly.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.system_role.reserve’] = ‘”bb” is not permitted at the beginning of a role ID.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.email’] = ‘A fully qualified email address (for example, info@blackboard.com) must be entered.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.maximum_length.no_name.singular’] = ‘Must not contain more than {0} characters.nReduce the size of the input by one character.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validate.invalidate.number’] = ‘Please input valid number instead of {0}.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.required’] = ‘A value must be provided: {0}.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘list.checkToSelectAllItems’] = ‘Check to select all items’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.maximum_length.no_name.plural’] = ‘Must not contain more than {0} characters.nReduce the size of the input by {1} characters.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.url’] = ‘A valid URL (for example, http://www.myschool.edu) must be entered.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validate.range.overlap’] = ‘criteria ({0}) overlaps criteria ({1}).’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘hide.helptext’] = ‘Hide Help Text’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘confirm.delete_item_value’] = ‘This item {0} will be deleted. Continue?’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘assessment.incomplete.confirm’] = ‘The following questions may be incomplete:n {0}nClick cancel to return to the test. Click Ok to submit assessment.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘list.uncheckToDeselectAllItems’] = ‘Uncheck to deselect all items’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘assessment.incomplete.confirm.backtrackProhibited’] = ‘The following questions may be incomplete:n {0}nClick cancel to return to the test. Click Ok to save the incomplete answer.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.time.required’] = ‘A complete time value must be provided: {0}.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘vtbe.artifact.footer.validate.saveLocationIfSaveArtifact’] = ‘Specify a location for the Reusable Object.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validation.cmp_field.required’] = ‘A value must be provided for {0}nwhen {1} field is not empty’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘active.filter.changed.alert’] = ‘criteria now contains’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘validate.enrolloptions.error.emailrequestconflict’] = ‘The selected email enrollment option conflicts with the self-enrollment selection.’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘show.helptext’] = ‘Show Help Text’;     JS_RESOURCES[‘portalmodule.section.remove’] = ‘Delete: {0}?’;      JS_RESOURCES.getString = i18n_get_string;     JS_RESOURCES.getFormattedString = i18n_get_formatted_string;  }  _init_bundle_JS_RESOURCES();     var LOCALE_SETTINGS = new Object();  function _init_bundle_LOCALE_SETTINGS() {      LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_TITLE_FORMAT_DAY.03258’] = ‘dddd, MMM d, yyyy’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘BBI18N.WINDOWS_CHARSET’] = ‘ISO-8859-1’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.SHORT_SURNAME’] = ‘{3}, {1}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘number_format.thousands_sep’] = ‘,’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_COLUMN_FORMAT_MONTH.03255’] = ‘ddd’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘float.allow.negative.format’] = ‘^((([-]?[0-9]{1,3}(\,[0-9]{3})*)|[-]?[0-9]*)(\.[0-9]+)?|\.[0-9]+)?$’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NAME.COLUMN_ORDER’] = ‘title,givenName,middleName,familyName,suffix,otherName’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DAY_FULL.02098’] = ‘Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.internal_date_format’] = ‘MM/dd/yy’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.TIME_ORDER.00519’] = ‘HMP’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.date_display_pattern’] = ‘MM/DD/YY’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘number_format.decimal_point’] = ‘.’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NAME.COLUMN.1’] = ‘{0}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NAME.COLUMN.2’] = ‘{1}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NUMBERS_HIJRI.00521’] = ‘0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘BBI18N.SOLARIS_CHARSET’] = ‘ISO8859-1’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.AM_PM.00522’] = ‘AM PM’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘float.format’] = ‘^(([0-9]{1,3}(\,[0-9]{3})*)|[0-9]*)(\.[0-9]+)?$’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NAME.SORT_COLUMN’] = ‘familyName’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘efloat.format’] = ‘^[+-]?[0-9]*(\.[0-9]+)?([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?$’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.MONTH_FULL.02100’] = ‘January February March April May June July August September October November December’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_TYPE’] = ‘GREGORIAN’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DATE_ORDER.00519’] = ‘MDY’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.GREETING’] = ‘Welcome, {1}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.ADDRESS_FIELD_ORDER’] = ‘STREET_1 STREET_2 CITY STATE ZIP_CODE COUNTRY’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.24HR_SUPPORT.03208’] = ‘0’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NUMBERS_HIJRI_LOCALIZED.00521’] = ‘NO’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DAY_CHARACTER.03253’] = ”;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK.03207’] = ‘0’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.ADDRESS_ORDER.07832’] = ‘street,city,region,postal_code,country’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_COLUMN_FORMAT_DAY.03257’] = ‘dddd M/d’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.REPORT_FONT_PATH.03170’] = ‘C:/WINNT/Fonts’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.YEAR_CHARACTER.03255’] = ”;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.SHORT’] = ‘{1} {3}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.EXTENDED_SURNAME’] = ‘{3}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘number_format.exponent’] = ‘eE’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DAYS.00521′] = ’01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_COLUMN_FORMAT_WEEK.03256’] = ‘ddd M/d’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.WORK_FIELD_ORDER’] = ‘JOB_TITLE DEPARTMENT COMPANY B_PHONE_1 B_PHONE_2 B_FAX’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_TITLE_FORMAT_MONTH.03259’] = ‘MMMM yyyy’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.GIVEN_INITIAL_FAMILY_NAME’] = ‘{4} {3}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.REPORT_FONT_SIZE.03168’] = ‘8’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.PHONE_FIELD_ORDER’] = ‘H_PHONE_1 H_PHONE_2 H_FAX M_PHONE’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.MONTH_SHORT.00520’] = ‘Jan Feb  Mar Apr  May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘thousand.sep.format’] = ‘,’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.MONTH_FULL_HIJRI.02100’] = ‘Muḥarram,á¹¢afar,Rabīʿ’al-Awwal,Rabīʿ’ath-ThānÄ«,Jumādā’al-Ūlā,Jumādā’ath-Thāniya,Rajab,ShaÊ¿bān,Ramaḍān,Shawwāl,DhÅ«’al-QaÊ¿da,DhÅ«’al-Ḥijja’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DAY_SHORT.02097’] = ‘SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.LONG’] = ‘{0} {1} {2} {3}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DAY_MIN.02099’] = ‘Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.MONTH_CHARACTER.03254’] = ”;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘BBI18N.LINUX_CHARSET’] = ‘iso88591’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_TITLE_FORMAT_WEEK.03260’] = ‘MMM d[ yyyy]{ ‘—'[ MMM] d yyyy}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.REPORT_FONT_NAME.03169’] = ‘ARIAL.TTF’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.MONTH_SHORT_HIJRI.00520’] = ‘Muḥarram,á¹¢afar,Rabīʿ’I,Rabīʿ’II,Jumādā’I,Jumādā’II,Rajab,ShaÊ¿bān,Ramaḍān,Shawwāl,DhÅ«’al-QaÊ¿da,DhÅ«’al-Ḥijja’;      LOCALE_SETTINGS.getString = i18n_get_string;     LOCALE_SETTINGS.getFormattedString = i18n_get_formatted_string;  }  _init_bundle_LOCALE_SETTINGS();     var LOCALE_SETTINGS = new Object();  function _init_bundle_LOCALE_SETTINGS() {      LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_TITLE_FORMAT_DAY.03258’] = ‘dddd, MMM d, yyyy’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘BBI18N.WINDOWS_CHARSET’] = ‘ISO-8859-1’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.SHORT_SURNAME’] = ‘{3}, {1}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘number_format.thousands_sep’] = ‘,’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_COLUMN_FORMAT_MONTH.03255’] = ‘ddd’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘float.allow.negative.format’] = ‘^((([-]?[0-9]{1,3}(\,[0-9]{3})*)|[-]?[0-9]*)(\.[0-9]+)?|\.[0-9]+)?$’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NAME.COLUMN_ORDER’] = ‘title,givenName,middleName,familyName,suffix,otherName’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DAY_FULL.02098’] = ‘Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.internal_date_format’] = ‘MM/dd/yy’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.TIME_ORDER.00519’] = ‘HMP’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.date_display_pattern’] = ‘MM/DD/YY’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘number_format.decimal_point’] = ‘.’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NAME.COLUMN.1’] = ‘{0}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NAME.COLUMN.2’] = ‘{1}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NUMBERS_HIJRI.00521’] = ‘0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘BBI18N.SOLARIS_CHARSET’] = ‘ISO8859-1’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.AM_PM.00522’] = ‘AM PM’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘float.format’] = ‘^(([0-9]{1,3}(\,[0-9]{3})*)|[0-9]*)(\.[0-9]+)?$’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NAME.SORT_COLUMN’] = ‘familyName’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘efloat.format’] = ‘^[+-]?[0-9]*(\.[0-9]+)?([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?$’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.MONTH_FULL.02100’] = ‘January February March April May June July August September October November December’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_TYPE’] = ‘GREGORIAN’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DATE_ORDER.00519’] = ‘MDY’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.GREETING’] = ‘Welcome, {1}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.ADDRESS_FIELD_ORDER’] = ‘STREET_1 STREET_2 CITY STATE ZIP_CODE COUNTRY’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.24HR_SUPPORT.03208’] = ‘0’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.NUMBERS_HIJRI_LOCALIZED.00521’] = ‘NO’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DAY_CHARACTER.03253’] = ”;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK.03207’] = ‘0’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.ADDRESS_ORDER.07832’] = ‘street,city,region,postal_code,country’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_COLUMN_FORMAT_DAY.03257’] = ‘dddd M/d’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.REPORT_FONT_PATH.03170’] = ‘C:/WINNT/Fonts’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.YEAR_CHARACTER.03255’] = ”;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.SHORT’] = ‘{1} {3}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.EXTENDED_SURNAME’] = ‘{3}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘number_format.exponent’] = ‘eE’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DAYS.00521′] = ’01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_COLUMN_FORMAT_WEEK.03256’] = ‘ddd M/d’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.WORK_FIELD_ORDER’] = ‘JOB_TITLE DEPARTMENT COMPANY B_PHONE_1 B_PHONE_2 B_FAX’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_TITLE_FORMAT_MONTH.03259’] = ‘MMMM yyyy’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.GIVEN_INITIAL_FAMILY_NAME’] = ‘{4} {3}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.REPORT_FONT_SIZE.03168’] = ‘8’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.PHONE_FIELD_ORDER’] = ‘H_PHONE_1 H_PHONE_2 H_FAX M_PHONE’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.MONTH_SHORT.00520’] = ‘Jan Feb  Mar Apr  May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘thousand.sep.format’] = ‘,’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.MONTH_FULL_HIJRI.02100’] = ‘Muḥarram,á¹¢afar,Rabīʿ’al-Awwal,Rabīʿ’ath-ThānÄ«,Jumādā’al-Ūlā,Jumādā’ath-Thāniya,Rajab,ShaÊ¿bān,Ramaḍān,Shawwāl,DhÅ«’al-QaÊ¿da,DhÅ«’al-Ḥijja’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DAY_SHORT.02097’] = ‘SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.LONG’] = ‘{0} {1} {2} {3}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.DAY_MIN.02099’] = ‘Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.MONTH_CHARACTER.03254’] = ”;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘BBI18N.LINUX_CHARSET’] = ‘iso88591’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.CALENDAR_TITLE_FORMAT_WEEK.03260’] = ‘MMM d[ yyyy]{ ‘—'[ MMM] d yyyy}’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.REPORT_FONT_NAME.03169’] = ‘ARIAL.TTF’;     LOCALE_SETTINGS[‘LOCALE_SETTINGS.MONTH_SHORT_HIJRI.00520’] = ‘Muḥarram,á¹¢afar,Rabīʿ’I,Rabīʿ’II,Jumādā’I,Jumādā’II,Rajab,ShaÊ¿bān,Ramaḍān,Shawwāl,DhÅ«’al-QaÊ¿da,DhÅ«’al-Ḥijja’;      LOCALE_SETTINGS.getString = i18n_get_string;     LOCALE_SETTINGS.getFormattedString = i18n_get_formatted_string;  }  _init_bundle_LOCALE_SETTINGS();                                 

Asset Impairments: The Recession of 2008-2009 Please respond to the following:From the case study, compare the disclosure notes provided in Nestle, Swatch Group, and Royal Bank of Scotland with the disclosure notes of News Corp and CBS Corporation. Explain which disclosure notes are more informative to the stakeholders in the evaluation of the financial statements.Contrast the difference between the impairment testing of goodwill and the impairment testing requirements for other assets. Examine the purpose of the differences identified in testing impairment of goodwill and other assets

Discussion Response 5Y

 Respond to the discussion post below with YOUR educated opinion in 3 sentences   

 

This week’s class reading on control charts was very really interesting, specifically the concept of “controlling” the seemingly inevitable human variation that exists with operations and manufacturing.  I’m personally a big organic food and beverage person and thought about how the production of these products utilize control charts.  Interestingly, the manufacturing method of hydraulic pressing, or cold-pressed came to mind.  The cold-pressing method is an advanced manufacturing method where hydraulic air pressure is compressively applied to fruits and vegetables, generating more nutritionally dense purees, juices, and oils while concurrently killing harmful bacteria.  Cold-processing fruits and vegetables considerably reduces a good’s shelf life to as low as five days; however, the method is preferred over pasteurization by many produce enthusiasts because it allows fruits and vegetable to retain the maximal amount of retainable nutritional value which include “vitamins, minerals, and trace [elements]” (Journey Juice, 2017).

 Most cold-pressed methods require steam pressure over seven tons to extract juice and retain the nutritional content from their produce (Spiegel, 2014).  In California, many 12-ounce cold-pressed juices can cost as much as $12 (Hallock, 2015).  An even more advanced form of the cold-pressed method called high pressure processing (HPP) can apply up to 87,000 tons of pressure per square inch!  This level of hydraulic pressure is high enough to not only retain the nutritional value of a produce but this level of pressure kills common bacteria such as “salmonella, E.coli, and listeria” while preserving all of the meat item’s “nutritional integrity” (How HPP Works, 2017).  Of course, as both the cold-pressed and HPP method offer many benefits to customers, food pressurization technology increases the overall price and delivery to market god cost for customers.

Many small manufacturers use the cold-pressed juice method in their raw juice manufacturing process to differentiate themselves in the crowded natural juice market.  Below is a chart of nutritional data on juice developed by the company Journey Juice, a boutique craft juice manufacturer based in Athens, GA.  The graph compares the company’s juice extraction method with that of common-used brand-name consumer juicers.  In addition to producing more overall juice extract, Journey Juice’s cold-pressed method contains the highest concentration of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, and sodium. Along with not using preservatives or man-made additives like canola oil, GMO bi-products, or high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), Journey Juice must have strict manufacturing process controls in place to avoid add additional USDA and FDA scrutiny.  As long as the cold-pressed juicing produce stays with the specified means and variation, Journey Juice remains compliant with these federal agencies. 

However, Journey Juice will potentially have a catastrophic production and public relations problem when there is internal imbalance with its control charts.  Federal intervention occurs by the aforementioned agencies when the cold-pressed process temperatures were high enough to extra nutritional value, yet, failed to reach the appropriate temperatures to kill harmful bacteria.  The temperature threshold step is critical as cold-pressed goods already are both more prone to high bacterial growth given its already reduced shelf life and are exempt from the pasteurization process.  These agencies will halt the sale and production of Journey Juice products, forcing the company to cease production, reducing the risk of other consumers from becoming sick.  Some customers with already compromised immune systems could even die from injecting or contacting these products, opening the company up to civil litigation. Given that the product is safe to sell and no bacterial infection issues exist though, many customers will become concerned when no additional nutritional value is discernable between significantly cheaper product and those produced by an improperly executed cold-pressed method.  From a marketing perspective, Journey Juice lacks a justifiable product differentiation besides its cost which most consumers and consumer watchdog groups will deem unwarranted. For Journey Juice, this proposition ultimately could lead to a loss of sales and no longer prove to be a market differentiation as a niche brand within the health juice market.  Journey Juice must maintain a resilient balance in its’ cold-press production method to satisfy both the governing authorities, consumer advocate groups, and most importantly be mindful of the holistic care of its customers. 

Payroll accounting 1 page research paper

Write a one page research paper in which you discuss the payroll process for an organization. Choose an existing company or other organization and speculate the payroll process best suited for that organization based on information you can find on using library resources. Databases you might consider searching would be Business Source Complete via EBSCO, Business via ProQuest, or a general education database like Academic Search Complete.

Start your paper with an introduction that includes a very brief description of the organization you chose. Your description should mention the purpose of the organization and the approximate number of employees. Is it a local company, national company, or international company? Your introductions should be approximately three sentences. Your first sentence should be a concise description of the company. The last two sentences should tell the reader what the paper is about. Avoid using “I”, “my”, “the paper”, or “this paper” in your sentences. Every sentence should start with a subject, which is some aspect of the topic of the paper. For example, “The payroll process . . . .” or “The company should . . .”

After you speculate the appropriate payroll system, describe the payroll process the company would use in some detail in the body of the paper. Would the company use a manual system, an automated system, a payroll service, or some combination? What steps does the payroll process include? This is the discussion or body of the paper and should include proper headings. This is a very short paper (1 page), so you will likely have room for only one or two heading at most. Keep the paragraphs short and concise. Note that a paragraph must include at least three sentences at a minimum.

Be sure to include a concluding paragraph. The basic structure of a conclusion is a summary of the main points. Each section of the discussion represents a main point. Write one sentence to concisely summarize the pain point and end the conclusion with a final thought. The concluding paragraph should be at least three sentences.

Keep in mind that this is a research paper; and, as such, should be informed by your research sources. Include a minimum of three references in your paper. Your textbook can count as one of your sources. You will also need to include a reference page with this paper.

Again, your paper should be approximately a page in length, not including the cover page and the references. Be sure to:

  • include an introductory paragraph at the beginning and a concluding paragraph at the end
  • use subject headings to label the body of your paper as appropriate
  • to include APA citations to support your assertions and to inform your paper

Elena has sponsored, and participated in a barbeque

Elena has sponsored, and participated in a barbeque team for the last ten years. The team enters several contests a year, but has never come close to turning a profit. Elena has told you she doesn’t really care if the team makes any money, she just enjoys being able to get away from work and unwind at contests. Which of the following is most accurate?

Elena may deduct all of the expenses associated with the team
Elena may only deduct her proportional share of the expenses o the team
Elena may never deduct any of the expenses of the team
This activity is likely a hoppy for Elena, and her deductions may be limited.

A taxpayer in the 25% bracket before considering the sale, sold for a gain of $10,000 a residential building, purchased and put into service March 2010 (The sale of land is not included in this question.) No other residential real property was sold in this tax year. The depreciation taken or allowed is $15,635. What is the amount and nature of the gain or loss?

$10,000 gain taxed at a maximum of 15%
$10,000 gain taxed at a maximum f 25% (or 33% if the gain pushes the taxpayer into a higher tax bracket).
$10,000 gain taxed at a maximum of 25%
$15,635 gained taxed at a maximum of 25%

Which of the following taxpayers would be most likely to benefit from an installment sale?

Business-use land, sold for a gain
A business-use car, sold at a net gain which was less than the amount of depreciation claimed
Rental Property, sold at a gain less than the amount of depreciation allowed
A fishing boat, sold a net loss.

Leon owns a hobby shop specializing in the sale of kites. Which of the following should Not be included in his inventory.

Four crates of kite string for sale to customers
An assembled kite displayed in his ship. The kite is for sale
Seven EX-launch kite catapults Leon is selling on consignment for his friend.
13 Sky Warrior decal kits held for sale to customers

What is the IRS method of allocating expenses between rental use and personal use?

All expenses allocated as a percentage of rental-use days to total days owned
All expenses allocated as a percentage of rental-use days to total days used.
Mortgage interest, mortgage insurance premiums, real estate taxes, and casualty losses allocated as a percentage of rental-use days to total days.
Mortgage interest and real estate taxes allocated as percentage of rental-use days to total days used.

********

 

What is the present value of a 15 year Treasury bond that will pay $10,000 at maturity with an average annual rate of return of 4.25%?
The present value of a 15 year Treasury bond that will pay $10,000 at maturity with an average annual rate of return of 4.25% will be 

 

 

Multiple Questions Answers

Question 1
Expanded definitions commonly include history, examples, and:


A. etymology.
B. synonyms.
C. stipulations.
D. drawings and illustrations.
 
 
Question 2
A(n) __________ is a mini-dictionary usually located either at the beginning or end of a technical document.


A. sidebar
B. glossary
C. appendix
D. online help link
 
 
Question 3
When documents are lengthy and audience’s backgrounds are widely varied, __________ can be created and placed at the end of the document to provide operational and expanded definitions of critical concepts; they can be used by those who need additional information and ignored by readers who do not need the explanations.


A. appendices
B. sidebars
C. footnotes
D. information notes
 
 
Question 4
Which of the following statements is NOT true about technical descriptions?

 


A. Technical descriptions provide accurate information about physical features, but they rarely have any further impact.
B. Sometimes technical descriptions constitute an entire document.
C. Most of the time, technical descriptions are limited to a single segment of a longer document or presentation.
D. Technical descriptions provide verifiable information that corresponds to assumed questions, such as What is it? What does it look like?

Multiple Questions Answers

1. “Airlines” Scenario
An airline knows that there are two types of travelers: business travelers and vacationers. For a particular flight, there are 100 business travelers who will pay $600 for a ticket while there are 50 vacationers who will pay $300 for a ticket. There are 150 seats available on the plane. Suppose the cost to the airline of providing the flight is $20,000, which includes the cost of the pilots, flight attendants, fuel, etc.
Refer to “Airlines” Scenario. How much additional profit can the firm earn by charging each customer their willingness to pay relative to charging a flat price of $600 per ticket?
a. $15,000
b. $40,000
c. $70,000
d. $25,000

2. Price discrimination
a. is an attempt by a monopoly to prevent some customers from purchasing its product by charging a high price.
b. forces monopolies to charge a lower price as a result of government regulation.
c. is an attempt by a monopoly to increases its profit by selling the same good to different customers at different prices.
d. increases the consumer surplus associated with a monopolistic market.

3. Suppose that you run a house-painting company and currently have 2 workers painting a total of 4 houses per month. If you hire a third worker, 6 houses can be painted per month. If you hire a fourth worker, 9 houses can be painted, and a fifth and sixth worker will increase the number of houses painted to 13 and 15, respectively. Diminishing returns
a. set in when the fourth worker is hired.
b. set in when the fifth worker is hired.
c. set in when the sixth worker is hired.
d. have not yet set in because output is still increasing

 

4. Use the following table to answer this question.
Price Total Revenue
$10 $100
$12 $108
$14 $112
$16 $112
Demand is unit elastic when quantity demanded changes from
a. 10 to 9.
b. 9 to 8.
c. 8 to 7.
d. There is not enough information given to determine the correct answer.

Multiple choice

1. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?

a. A time line is not meaningful unless all cash flows occur annually.

b. Time lines are useful for visualizing complex problems prior to doing actual calculations.

c. Time lines cannot be constructed in situations where some of the cash flows occur annually but others occur quarterly.

d. Time lines cannot be constructed for annuities where the payments occur at the beginning of the periods.

e. Some of the cash flows shown on a time line can be in the form of annuity payments, but none can be uneven amounts.

 

2. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?

a. A time line is not meaningful unless all cash flows occur annually.

b. Time lines are useful for visualizing complex problems prior to doing actual calculations.

c. Time lines cannot be constructed in situations where some of the cash flows occur annually but others occur quarterly.

d. Time lines cannot be constructed for annuities where the payments occur at either the beginning or the end of the periods.

e. Some of the cash flows shown on a time line can be in the form of annuity payments, but none can be uneven amounts.

 

3. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?

a. A time line is not meaningful unless all cash flows occur annually.

b. Time lines are useful for visualizing complex problems prior to doing actual calculations.

c. Time lines cannot be constructed to deal with situations where some of the cash flows occur annually but others occur quarterly.

d. Time lines can only be constructed for annuities where the payments occur at the end of the periods, i.e., for ordinary annuities.

e. Time lines cannot be constructed where some of the payments constitute an annuity but others are unequal and thus are not part of the annuity.

 

4. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?

a. A time line is not meaningful unless all cash flows occur annually.

b. Time lines are useful for visualizing complex problems prior to doing actual calculations.

c. Time lines cannot be constructed to deal with situations where some of the cash flows occur annually but others occur quarterly.

d. Time lines can only be constructed for annuities where the payments occur at the end of the periods, i.e., for ordinary annuities.

e. Time lines can be constructed where some of the payments constitute an annuity but others are unequal and thus are not part of the annuity.

 

Multiple Questions Answers

Question 1
Secure Investments, Inc., a U.S. firm, expands into international markets through a joint venture. In this situation, Secure owns
a. all of the operation, and its profits and liabilities. 
b. all of the operation, and none of its profits and liabilities. 
c. none of the operation, and none of its profits and liabilities. 
d. part of the operation, and shares its profits and liabilities. 

Question  2
Significant business develops in Mexico for Eye Contact Cosmetics, Inc., a U.S. firm. Eye Contact appoints Ojos, Ltd., a Mexican firm, to act as Eye Contacts marketing representative in Mexico. This is
a. a joint venture. 
b. franchising. 
c. indirect exporting. 
d. licensing. 

Question 3
Suisse Internationale, a Swiss maker of athletic equipment, enters into a price fixing agreement with Total World Sports, a U.S. wholesaler of Suisses products. U.S. courts will apply U.S. antitrust laws if
a. the agreement was made in Switzerland. 
b. the agreement was made in the United States. 
c. the price fixing has a substantial effect on U.S. commerce. 
d. the Swiss government agrees to be sued in the United States. 

 

Question 4
The United States and other members of a certain organization agree to grant normal trade relations status on each other with regard to imports and exports. This organization is
a. the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. 
b. the International Export-Import Bank. 
c. the United Nations. 
d. the World Trade Organization.