RES 351 FINAL EXAM
A _____ scale is a scale that scores an object or property without making a direct comparison to another object or property.
ranking
rating
categorization
sorting
Northwest Airlines applied mathematical models to determine which customers in its database were currently responsible for most of its profitability and which customers were not currently profitable but had similar characteristics to the most profitable customers. Northwest Airlines utilized _____ to identify these customers.
computer programming
customer relationships management
data mining
data warehousing
To be categorized as a customer, an individual must have a history of shopping at the establishment at least twice before the start of the study with expenditures of more than $10. This is an example of _____.
an operational definition
a hypothetical construct
a dictionary definition
a conceptual scheme
The goal of ethics in research is to _____.
ensure research sponsors fulfill their legal obligations
ensure that no one is harmed
protect researchers from legal liability
identify what behavior is appropriate
What type of data is produced by simple category scales?
Nominal
Interval
Ordinal
Ratio
The use of a control group in experimentation _____.
serves as a comparison to assess the manipulation
provides for the manipulation of the independent variable
allows for discovery of the average effect of the independent variable in different situations
minimizes the cost of experimentation
Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using cross-tabulations?
What happens to sales when prices drop?
What percentage of men and women prefer Brand A over Brand B?
What percentage of residents shop at the local grocery store?
Is brand loyalty related to brand image?
Minute Maid sees research as the fundamental first step in any business decision, and it created proprietary methods for conducting research. At what level of the hierarchy of business decision makers does Minute Maid operate?
Foundation tier
Top tier
Middle tier
Base tier
James is entering data on client gender. Because the values entered reflect male or female, this variable is _____.
continuous
discrete
dichotomous
ratio-scaled
In the Southeast, the potato chip market share held by the Lays brand is 46%. This is an example of _____.
an explanatory hypothesis
a research question
a descriptive hypothesis
a relational hypothesis
If a difference is not caused only by random sampling fluctuations, it is said to have _____.
substantive significance
statistical significance
resistance
reasonable doubt
Which variable in an experiment is the variable expected to be affected by the manipulation?
Extraneous variable
Independent variable
Moderating variable
Dependent variable
The measure of deviation from the mean such that cases stretch toward one tail or the other is called _____.
ku
kurtosis
platykurtic
skewness
The goal of a formal study is to _____.
provide insight
discover future research tasks
expand understanding of a topic
test hypotheses
Which of the following is true of quantitative research?
Data analysis is ongoing during the project
Sample sizes are generally small
Results are generalizable
It uses a nonprobability sampling method
The list of elements in a population from which the sample is drawn is known as the _____.
sampling frame
population extent
database
sampling base
The process of ensuring the accuracy of data and their conversion from raw form into classified forms appropriate for analysis is called _____.
data measurement
data entry
data preparation
coding
Which of the following questions is considered first when discussing a management dilemma?
What is the recommended course of action?
What does the manager need to know to choose the best alternative from the available sources of action?
What symptoms cause management concern?
How can management eliminate negative symptoms?
Which type of management question asks what do we want to achieve?
Evaluation of solutions
Choice of purpose
Control
Troubleshooting
What is the first step in conducting an experiment?
Control the experimental environment
Select relevant variables
Choose the experimental design
Specify the level(s) of the treatment
The fundamental weakness in the research process is _____.
identifying a flawed sampling frame
incorrectly defining the research question
misdefining the target population
failing to identify all relevant secondary information
_____ occurs when the participants are told only part of the truth or when the truth is fully compromised.
Coercion
Informed consent
Debriefing
Deception
The standard error of the estimate is a type of measure of _____.
significance
accuracy
central tendency
standard deviation
Data originating from studies that are conducted by others and created for a purpose different from the purpose of the study for which the data are being reviewed are called _____ data.
statistical
secondary
quantitative
primary
_____ is the extent to which a measurement tool actually measures what we wish to measure.
Significance
Practicality
Validity
Reliability
The process of stating the basic dilemma and then developing other questions by progressively breaking down the original question into more specific ones is called the _____.
management question
research question
management dilemma
management-research question hierarchy
_____ involves assigning numbers or other symbols to answers so that the responses can be grouped into a limited number of categories.
Editing
Data entry
Measurement
Coding
Qualitative research seeks to _____ theory while quantitative research _____ it.
apply; builds
test; understands
examine; interprets
build; tests
_____ are summary descriptors of variables of interest in the population.
Sample statistics
Standard errors
Systematic estimates
Population parameters
An increase in hours of television viewing leads to increases in the sales of snack foods. This is an example of a _____.
descriptive hypothesis
research question
causal hypothesis
correlational hypothesis
