literature review

Literature Review Writing Guide

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This type of academic writing is less common so students often wonder: “What’s a Literature Review?” A literature review is a collection of works that examines multiple publications in a particular subject area and sometimes within a given timeframe.

Literature Review Definition

This type of academic writing is less common so students often wonder: “What’s a Literature Review?” A literature review is a collection of works that examines multiple publications in a particular subject area and sometimes within a given timeframe.

This type of writing requires that you read and analyze multiple sources related to the topic and then present your unique understanding of each publication. A literature review should include a summary and a synthesis of all the documents used. A summary gives a quick overview of the most important information in a publication. A synthesis is a reorganization of the information that gives the writing an original meaning.

A literature review is usually part of a larger paper such as a thesis, dissertation, or thesis. You may be assigned it as a separate assignment.

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The purpose of a literature Review

A literature review serves the main purpose of summarizing and developing ideas from previous authors without adding personal opinions.

A literature review isn’t just about listing summaries of resources. It is also meant to identify a common theme or principle across all publications. A literature review, like a research article that has a thesis to guide it along rails has a main organizing principle (MOP). This type of academic writing aims to identify the MOP, and then show how it is present in your supporting documents.

What is the importance of literature reviews? These are the goals that a literature review should pursue:

  • It emphasizes the importance of a particular topic area.
  • Literature review explains the background and purpose of research on a subject matter. This tool helps you identify the main themes, principles, concepts and researchers within a particular topic.
  • It helps to identify relationships between ideas and studies on a topic.
  • It identifies the main points of contention and any gaps in a topic.
  • Based on past studies, it suggests questions that will drive further research.

These are just a few examples of topics that will give you an idea about what a literature search can look like:

  • Explore racism in ” to Kill a Mockingbird”, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” and “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”.
  • Isolationism in “The Catcher in the Rye”, Frankenstein, and ” 84″
  • Understanding Moral Dilemmas in the “Crime and Punishment”, The Scarlet Letter, and The Lifeboat
  • Corruption of Power in Macbeth, All the King’s Men, and Animal Farm
  • Emotional survival and physical survival in “Lord of the Flies”, Hatchet, and “Congo”.

What length is a Literature Review?

Students often wonder how long a literature analysis should be. In some cases, your instructor may decide the length of the body. To understand what you are expected to do, make sure you read the guidelines.

If you are not given any guidelines, it is recommended that your literature review be kept to around 15%-30% of the entire paper. For a 15-page paper, this is approximately 2-3 pages. If you’re writing a literature review for a separate assignment, the length of your paper should be stated in the instructions.

 

Literature Review Format: APA and MLA. Chicago

Your instructor will determine the essay format that you should use. To create a literature review format that you like, ask your instructor for clarification on several components.

  • What type of sources should you use to review? Published materials, journal articles or websites?
  • Which format should you use for citing sources?
  • What length should the review take?
  • Is your review to be a summation, synthesis or personal critique?
  • Do you need to include subheadings?

o   These rules will help you format your paper in the APA style .

 

  • Margins of 1 inch are recommended.
  • Except where otherwise instructed, double-spacing is recommended throughout the text.
  • Choose a font that is easily readable. Times New Roman at 12 points is the preferred font for APA papers.
  • A header must be included at the top and bottom of each page. Your essay title must be the page header. It should not exceed 50 characters including spacing and punctuation.
  • Place page numbers at the top right corner of each page.
  • Don’t forget to include a title page when you are creating your literature review outline using APA. The title page should contain the name of the paper, author’s names, and institutional affiliation. Your title should be in uppercase and lowercase letters. It must be centered on the upper portion of the page.

o   Literature Review MLA Style

  • Margins of 1 inch are recommended.
  • Double the spacing on the entire sheet.
  • For each paragraph, add 1/2 inch to the indentation.
  • Times New Roman is the preferred font for MLA papers. It can be set to 12-point.
  • A header should be placed at the top or title page of your paper. Although MLA style doesn’t require that you have a title page in order to use it, you can choose to include one. This header should contain your full name, the name and section numbers of your instructor, as well as your name.
  • Place a running header in the top right corner on each page of your paper. It should be placed one inch from each page’s right margin, and half an inch from its top margin. Separate your last name from the page number by a space in a running head. The abbreviation “p.” should not be placed before page numbers.

o   Literature review in Chicago-style

 

  • Limit page margins to not less than 1 inch
  • Except for table titles, figure captions, blocksquotes and entries in the Bibliography or References, double space the text.
  • Spaces between paragraphs should not be left empty
  • Choose a clear font that is easy to read. Times New Roman or Courier fonts are the best for Chicago papers. They should be no smaller than 10 points in size but preferable to 12 points.
  • The cover page (or title) should contain your name, class information and the date. Place the cover page in the center of the page, and one-third below the top.
  • Place page numbers at the top right corner of every page, including the cover page.

Structure of Literature Reviews

How to structure a literature review: Like many other types of academic writing, a literature review follows a typical intro-body-conclusion style with 5 paragraphs overall. Let’s now look at each part of the basic literature review structure.

·         Introduction

Your reader(s) should be directed to the MOP (main organizing principal). Your information should start with a broad perspective, then gradually narrow down to reach your focal point. Begin by explaining your overall concept (e.g. corruption). Your introduction should be focused on the MOP. The introduction should end with your MOP, which should be directly linked to all three sources of literature.

·         Body Paragraphs

Each paragraph in the body will generally focus on one source of literature as described in the essay introduction. Each source will have its own MOP frame, so it is important to organize the review in the most consistent and logical way. The writing should be arranged chronologically, thematically or methodologically.

Chronologically- It is possible to maintain a historical timeline by breaking down sources according to their publication dates. It can show the evolution of a concept over time, and give examples in the form literature if used correctly. Sometimes, however, there are better ways to structure the body.

Thematically– You don’t have to take the “timeline” approach. Another option is to look at the link between your MOPs and your sources. Sometimes the main idea may just be glaring from a piece or two of literature. Sometimes, an author will need to find examples to support their argument. A skilled writer will often present their sources in order of strength. In “To Kill A Mockingbird”, for example, the whole novel was focused on racism. However, “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” had racism as one of the many themes.

Methodologically- This type of structuring, as is evident from the terminology, focuses on the methods used in order to present the central idea. In “1984” George Orwell, for example, uses the law-and order approach to show the dangers associated with a dystopia that is socially dependent.  Mary Shelley portrays Frankenstein’s physical characteristics as repulsive, horrifying, and forces him to live in isolation. The writer can show the different methods used to portray MOP and compare them according to severity, ethics, and overall impact.

·         Conclusion

The conclusion of the essay should contain 3 objectives. The first is to summarize their findings or find them in other words and answer the question “What have I learned?”

The next step after discussing the information is to discuss the relevance of it in relation to the current world. The question is, in other words: How can the reader apply the information to the current world? We end with a breadcrumb track.

You want the essay topic to leave readers with a trail of thought. This provides them with a means of further investigation–meaning that the reader may consider where the discussion will go next. Click here if you need help.

 

 

thesis statement writing

A step-by-step Guide on Thesis Statement Writing

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A Step-by-Step Guide on Thesis Statement Writing

As a student, there will be many essay assignments to write. Writing academic writings is expected. Writing becomes an essential skill as you progress in your career. Writing can become very boring if you have no idea on what to do when it comes to theis statement writing. A thesis statement is a guide for all your writing.

Our custom essay writers can help you understand the meaning of a thesis statement. Our professional essay writers can help you with essay writing online. They can certainly help you create the best thesis statement.

A thesis statement writing created by a thesis generator is not the same as one written by an individual. Ask us for assistance if you need thesis statements examples or a formula for your research paper.

Our writers have years of experience in writing 3 point thesis statements. We can provide an example. We can help you with all your academic assignments as a custom paper writing company.

Definition of the Thesis Statement

What is a thesis statement? First, you must define your thesis statement. It is important that you know the key idea or main point for every piece of academic writing or paper you write. A thesis statement is a concise statement of the main idea or argument in your paper. It can be one- or two-sentences.

The thesis statement is located in the final paragraph. It is your guide or map for the entire essay.

What length should a thesis sentence be?

A thesis statement should not exceed one sentence. A thesis statement should clearly state the topic of your paper. It should also clearly state your position on the topic.

A thesis statement is intended to inform the reader about the purpose of the paper. It serves as a guideline for writing and keeps the focus on the argument.

What is the purpose of a thesis statement writing in an essay?

  • The thesis statement writing will help you to organize your topic sentences in an essay.
  • Your essays and research papers should be able to facilitate the understanding of the main ideas by the readers.
  • Take a look at the essay.
  • Ensure flow throughout the essay.
  • A thesis statement serves the purpose of helping you keep your eyes on the important points. It is also useful in organizing your research paper, term papers or essay. A thesis statement is required for all cause and effect papers. This should answer your question about the purpose of a thesis.

Is a thesis statement a question or a statement?

It is against academic writing to ask questions about the main idea. As the name implies, a thesis statement is an argument you support in your essay. A question would be a sign that you aren’t sure what you want your readers read.

There are still many things to learn about writing a thesis statement. This guide is for students who are looking to create a strong thesis statement.

Here are some tips to help you write a thesis statement:

  • The thesis statement should not be hidden in the middle paragraph. It should not be at the end of your paper.
  • Be concise and succinct.
  • Avoid using vague words. It should be powerful and compelling.
  • Avoid using words like “, the main point of my essay.” The thesis statement should flow as normal sentences. They should be focused on the main argument of your essay.
  • The thesis statement should not be too broad.
  • Check that the thesis reflects your opinion on the argument.
  • Also, the thesis statement must be original.
  • Never cite a thesis statement.
  • Your thesis should be written in your own words.

Writing is a skill that allows you to craft memorable, original and insightful thesis statements. A well-written thesis statement is an indication of a flowing essay that impresses the reader. High intelligence writers are distinguished by their thesis statement.

What is a strong thesis statement?

It is simple to tell the difference between a strong and weak thesis. This will help you identify a weak writer. These are the components of a strong thesis.

  • It should be a reason for the discussion.
  • Strong thesis explains the main idea.
  • You should be specific.
  • Information must be loaded
  • It shouldn’t be on a list.
  • It is not combative, confrontational, or vague.
  • Has a definitive argument.

Example of a strong thesis statement

“Poverty is a common phenomenon across the globe due to political instability and economic hardships. Poor education, overpopulation, disease, and culture are all contributing factors. It is associated with moral decay, crime, disease, and poor governance systems. “

Here are some steps to follow when you write a thesis

If we don’t explore these steps, our definitive article about how to write a thesis sentence will be incomplete. Writing a thesis statement is easy.

  • To spot tension, controversy, complications or controversy, consider the primary sources.
  • Draft the thesis or create it.
  • The thesis statement should be analyzed and interpreted critically.
  • Rewrite the original thesis and add some compelling elements
  • In the introduction paragraph, keep the thesis in focus.
  • To refine your essay, anticipate counterarguments.
  • When writing your thesis statement, don’t use questions. Never ask a question in a thesis statement. This rule applies to all academic essays.
  • Always ask the final question: Does the thesis statement pass the “so What?” test?
  • It must also meet the threshold for thesis statements, “How and Why?” Your thesis statement should clearly state your position.
  • Always reiterate the thesis in the conclusionof a paper. It should be rewritten to suit the context.

The Types of Thesis Statements

There are two main types of thesis statements that you will come across when writing essays or research papers.

Evaluation thesis: Used when the main argument concerns an object or person, or event.

Argumentative thesis: This is when the main purpose of an essay is to express an opinion, policy proposal or analysis.

Other types include:

  • Comparison and contrast thesis statements
  • Persuasive thesis statements
  • Analytical thesis statements
  • Expository thesis statements
  • Cause and effect thesis statements

A thesis statement should be included in any essay, whether it is a profile essay or an expository essay. A thesis statement is essential for academic essay writing. The thesis statement should be clear and concise.

Need help with thesis statement writing online?

It can be difficult to create a thesis statement even after you have read our tips. Our professional essay writers at collegeschoolessays can help you create outstanding thesis statements.

Expert writers have created a lot of thesis statements. They are therefore naturally able to craft the best thesis statements. When they write the best essays, it is subconsciously a part of their brain. For more information, visit our custom essay writing service.

 

writing a term paper

Basics of Writing a Term Paper: A Comprehensive Guide

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Basics of Writing a Term Paper: A Comprehensive Guide

Assignments like writing a term paper, essays, research papers, and capstone project reports are a staple in academic life. Successfully navigating through high school, college, and university often hinges on your ability to write these papers effectively. For many students, writing a term paper can be a challenging task, but with the right guidance, it becomes manageable.

What is a Term Paper?

A term paper is a research paper assigned at the end of each semester, aimed at evaluating a student’s understanding of their course material. It involves extensive research and follows academic conventions. Term papers are more like detailed discussions or reports, requiring multiple drafts, meticulous editing, and thorough proofreading.

These papers significantly influence your semester grade and overall GPA, making it essential to approach them with dedication and precision. Some students opt for custom writing services to alleviate the pressure, but with proper planning and execution, writing a term paper can be a rewarding process.

Important Tips for Writing Term Papers

Despite hard work, students often struggle with term papers due to a lack of understanding of their unique requirements. Here are some tips to help you overcome these challenges:

  1. Choose the Right Topic:
    • Ensure it aligns with your course objectives.
    • Make it interesting and relevant.
    • Check for sufficient scholarly resources to support your research.
    • Assess its relevance to current and future trends in your field.
    • Select a topic within your academic area that integrates course models, theories, and concepts.
  2. Read Instructions Carefully:
    • Understand the requirements and rubrics.
    • Clarify any doubts with your instructor to avoid losing points for misunderstanding the task.
  3. Plan and Outline:
    • An effective outline serves as a roadmap for your term paper.
    • Include sections such as the cover page, table of contents, abstract, introduction, body, results, discussion, conclusion, and references.
  4. Conduct Thorough Research:
    • Go beyond basic internet searches and use academic databases and journals.
    • Proper research is half the battle in completing a term paper.
  5. Write a Strong Introduction:
    • Present a clear thesis statement.
    • Highlight the importance and relevance of your topic.
  6. Organize the Body:
    • Divide the body into coherent paragraphs, each focusing on a single idea.
    • Review relevant literature and present your findings systematically.
  7. Analyze and Discuss Findings:
    • Link your findings to existing theories and models.
    • Discuss the implications and relevance of your research.
  8. Conclude Effectively:
    • Summarize your main points and restate the thesis.
    • Highlight the significance of your research and suggest areas for future study.
  9. Format Properly:
    • Follow the required formatting style (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, etc.).
    • Ensure your cover page, table of contents, and reference list adhere to the guidelines.
  10. Proofread and Edit:
  • Check for grammatical errors, clarity, and coherence.
  • Revise multiple drafts to refine your paper.

Writing a Term Paper Proposal

Before starting your term paper, you may need to submit a proposal. This outlines your topic, working title, scope, and methodology. It helps your instructor approve your approach and provides a structured plan for your research.

Key Elements of a Term Paper Proposal:

  • Title: A concise and relevant working title.
  • Description: Justify your topic choice and outline its scope and research question.
  • Thesis Statement: Summarize the main points of your term paper.
  • Methodology: Explain your research methods (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method).
  • Preliminary Outline: Highlight the main sections of your term paper and their significance.

Getting Help with Writing a Term Papers

If you find writing a term paper  overwhelming, consider seeking professional assistance. Reliable writing services can help you craft high-quality papers and meet tight deadlines.

Why Choose Professional Help?

  • Expert Writers: Access to experienced writers who can handle both short and long-term papers.
  • 24/7 Support: Continuous support to guide you through the writing process.
  • Quality Assurance: High-quality papers that meet academic standards.
  • Time Management: Save time for other academic or personal commitments.

In conclusion, mastering the art of writing a term paper involves choosing the right topic, conducting thorough research, planning, outlining, and writing with clarity and precision. Whether you do it yourself or seek professional help, the goal is to produce a well-researched and well-written paper that reflects your understanding of the course material.

annotated bibliography writing

Annotated Bibliography Writing Guide

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Annotated Bibliography Writing

Annotated bibliography writing assignments are regularly given by professors and instructors, either separately or as part of another assignment. You (the student) are expected to create a stand-alone annotated bibliography in the format given when given an independent assignment. Here, you gather and read sources that address your topic, then read and annotate each one.

However, if it is a requirement of the assignment, such as a case study, research paper, thesis, dissertation, essay, or term paper, you must first complete the assignment before writing your annotated bibliography. This should be done right before the references page.

The assignment prompt should specify whether your professor or instructor would prefer it that way. An Annotated Bibliography

In any case, the reason you are already on this page is probably because you want to discover how to make an annotated bibliography. In this article, the terms “annotated bibliography” and “top-notch annotated bibliography” are defined, along with examples of the most typical annotated bibliographies in APA, MLA, and Chicago formats. Our authors of the annotated bibliography offer professional advice in this article. Let’s get deep into it.

What Is a Bibliography?

An Annotated Bibliography writing refers to a list of citations to books, articles, and documents is called an annotated bibliography. Each citation is followed by an annotation, which is a brief descriptive and critical paragraph (usually around 150 words).

A brief analysis, evaluation, or summary of the source’s information, its authors, and its applicability to the subject constitutes the annotation. The term “annotated bib” can also be used colloquially to refer to an annotated bibliography. It summarizes the available research on a subject.

An annotated bibliography follows the same alphabetical order as a reference list. It may either describe the sources, assess the sources, or discuss the significance of the sources in a particular study or for a particular area of interest. The annotation’s goal is to let the reader know how accurate, relevant, and high-quality the sources cited are.

Annotated bibliographies can be used for reflection, summarizing, critiquing, evaluating, or analyzing the source, depending on the assignment at hand. A research paper, essay, term paper, dissertation, thesis, or literature review is the end result of annotated bibliographies, to reiterate.

The purposes of annotated Bibliography writing

An annotated bibliography writing serves a variety of needs. Firstly, when given as a component of a larger assignment, it aids in acquainting you with the literature on a particular subject. Second, by doing this, you can create arguments, make connections, and provide examples that will support your claims as you write a convincing essay on the subject.

In order to develop your thesis and the subsequent paper, an annotated bibliography also aids in reviewing the breadth and content of the literature on a particular topic.

You can choose reliable academic sources that might be useful for your paper by using an annotated bibliography.

Exploring and organizing sources for future studies also helps. You can also use sources like websites, journal articles, peer-reviewed articles, or books to illustrate the range of those sources and highlight how important they are to your research.

However, an annotated bibliography will assist you in demonstrating to your instructor the breadth and caliber of your reading and research on a particular subject.

An annotated bibliography can occasionally assist you in creating an outline for your paper. Additionally, since it gives you a bigger picture, it aids in planning how to write an essay or a literature review.

The most recent sources should always be included in an annotated bibliography; we advise using sources that are no older than five years. Usually, this is due to the fact that older references.

Types of Annotated Bibliography writing

Based on why one was written, annotated bibliographies can be categorized. Annotated bibliographies can be broadly categorized as either descriptive or informative or analytical or critical.

The descriptive annotated bibliography writing offers a summary or overview of the source, as the name implies. It acts in a way that is abstract. Always pay attention to the author’s arguments, the research’s findings, and its conclusions in this type. It goes on to explain how a specific source is beneficial for a research topic or question.

Without analyzing the results, an informative annotated bibliography also summarizes the main points and recommendations of the author(s). The layperson or general audience is the target audience for the informative or descriptive annotated bibliography.

Beyond simply summarizing the source, which involves conducting a critical analysis of the source, the analytical or critical annotated bibliography goes further. It typically focuses on the study’s advantages and disadvantages. They are also the ones in which you discuss the author’s conclusion and how it fits into your own research.

An analytical annotated bibliography also describes how the authors’ conclusions relate to the most recent research and examines their conclusions. Since your professor or instructor is almost always the target audience, your response should be in-depth.

Please strike a balance between the two types of annotated bibs if your professor has not specified one. Being able to relate to others puts you in a better position to receive the highest grades. The majority of annotated bibliography assignments, according to our analysis, call for you to write analytical or critical annotations.

The Different Types of Annotated Bibliography

Depending on the purpose and methodology of an annotated bibliography, annotations are written in various ways. The information you will seek out in a source is defined by its annotations. By looking at the instructions, you can figure out what kind of annotations your instructor wants. Informational, descriptive, evaluative, reflective, and combination annotation are the five different types of annotation.

·         Informative Annotated Bibliography

The source is summarized in an informative or summarizing annotation. The actual information is presented, including the thesis, argument or hypothesis, justifications, and findings or conclusions about the source, in contrast to the descriptive annotation.

It doesn’t go into detail about how a source relates to your paper or make any criticisms about the source’s value. Rather, it is impartial.

·         Descriptive/Indicative Annotated Bibliography

A descriptive Annotated Bibliography is written when the assignment involves gathering and summarizing information, establishing the main arguments, and highlighting the techniques used by the author (s) for each source.

Similar to an abstract, a descriptive annotation summarizes the perspective and justifications of a particular source without evaluating its reliability.

Additionally, it briefly summarizes the text’s source or summary. It includes chapter headings and a summary of the key ideas. Additionally, it summarizes the material and identifies the main contention of a source.

·         Observational Annotated Bibliography

Annotations that are critical, analytical, or evaluative analyze the source or text. Along with summarizing the key points, it also offers a critical evaluation of the source’s value. Consider the following when writing this annotation:

  • The test’s value to your research project or projected future assignments
  • The author’s title
  • Bias in the reporting of results
  • Strengths and limitations of the source
  • The validity of the data
  • The author’s expertise
  • The comparison the source makes with related works
  • Contribution of the source to the subject-specific literature
  • The target audience
  • The difficulty level
  • Evidence volume (for nursing papers)
  • The publisher’s Authority

In other words, an evaluative annotation does more than just summarize or describe a source’s content; it also presents the argument’s plausibility and the source’s methods’ applicability.

·         Reflective Annotated Bibliography

Reflective annotation is written when the goal of writing an annotated bibliography is to compile sources for a future research project or to assess how the sources fit in a previously finished project.

Similar to an evaluative annotation, a reflective annotation summarizes the content of the source and assesses the validity and dependability of the arguments and methods. However, it also assesses the value of these sources or their applicability to your study or paper.

·         Combinations Annotation

The majority of the academic annotated bibliographies that students are required to read in class include evaluative, instructive, and descriptive annotations. They frequently contain one or two sentences that briefly describe or summarize the content, as well as sentences that analyze the source. As previously demonstrated, a critical or analytical annotated bibliography is always preferable because it fully encapsulates all relevant information about a source.

Need Help In Your Annotative Bibliography?

If you still have problems with writing an annotated bibliography, worry no more. We have expert academic writers who can assist you in any type of an annotated bibliography any time.

 

Article critique

Article Critique Writing Guide

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A Stress-Free Guide to Mastering Article Critique Writing

Entering the world of academic criticism can seem daunting, but with the right approach, you’ll soon join the ranks of accomplished critics. Academic writing is an integral part of college life. While you might enjoy leisure time with friends, tackling a journal article critique or discussion post is often more challenging. Many students struggle to understand how to effectively critique a high-quality article.

This guide will lead you through the process of writing an article critique, from starting the critique to writing the body and concluding your critique. This guide was created because many clients have asked us for assistance in critiquing their articles, and we aim to make the process easier for you.

What is an Article Critique?

An article critique, or response paper, is a form of formal writing where the author evaluates a journal article, scientific material, or literary work. The purpose is to assess whether the author has successfully fulfilled their intended purpose. This involves reading the piece critically, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and providing an evaluation.

Article Critique vs. Research Summary

While a research summary involves sharing the main ideas of an article, a critique includes a summary, central claims, and general approach, but with an evaluative and analytical perspective. A critique requires critical reading and referencing other sources, while a summary does not.

Steps to Writing an Article Critique

1. Reading the Article Thoroughly

Before diving into research, read the article thoroughly. Peer-reviewed journals can be dense, so close reading is essential. This involves not just reading the text but also taking notes and conducting further research. Break down your reading into three stages: familiarization, detailed analysis, and final review.

Focus on the following sections:

  • Abstract
  • Statement of purpose
  • Research goals/problems/aims
  • Research questions/hypotheses
  • Research methodology
  • Participants (sampling process, sample size, inclusion/exclusion criteria)
  • Variables (independent and dependent)
  • Major findings
  • Analytical and rationale methods
  • Research limitations
  • Strengths and conclusions

2. Creating a Preliminary Outline

Like any essay, a great critique starts with a solid outline. Use your notes to draft a preliminary outline, which will serve as a foundation for your critique. The outline should guide you through the writing process.

3. Identifying the Author’s Thesis

Professors want to see if you’ve identified the author’s main argument. Distinguishing between a critique and a summary is crucial. Often, you can find the main argument in the abstract, introduction, or conclusion. Evaluate the clarity, logic, and potential biases of the message.

4. Reviewing Sections of the Article

Focus on:

  • Research methods: Evaluate the appropriateness of the research methods and data collection tools.
  • Participants: Assess if the participants are representative of the target population.
  • Findings: Summarize the results in a simplified form, avoiding complex numbers unless necessary.
  • Conclusion: Compare the conclusions with similar articles to assess their strength.

Evaluate the overall strengths and weaknesses, and note any limitations.

5. Writing the Article Critique

With notes and an outline ready, it’s time to write. Follow these steps:

Introduction:

  • Provide a thesis statement for your critique.
  • Summarize the article’s main argument and your overall response.

Body:

  • Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the article.
  • Each paragraph should include a topic sentence, supporting facts, and a closing sentence.
  • Use appropriate transition words and cite sources correctly.

Conclusion:

  • Summarize your main points.
  • Discuss the article’s implications and suggest areas for improvement.

Components of a Great Article Critique

  • Include complete bibliographic information in APA or MLA format.
  • Provide a critical analysis rather than just summarizing the content.
  • Highlight unique points clearly.
  • Use the correct tense (present or past, depending on your approach).
  • Avoid using the first person; instead, use the third person and cite outside sources.
  • Support every claim with evidence and avoid plagiarism.
  • Ensure clarity and conciseness, maintaining a high word count (typically around 1000 words).
  • Proofread to eliminate grammatical errors and omissions.

Conclusion

Writing a high-quality article critique is a challenging academic task that improves your writing, creativity, and reasoning skills. If you find yourself struggling even after reading this guide, don’t hesitate to seek assistance. Our experts are here to help with writing or editing your article critique. Simply request a critique or editing service, and we will handle the rest.

Need Help?

If you’re pressed for time or lacking motivation, our professional writers can craft a custom article critique for you. Whether you need a critique or just editing, we’re here to support your academic success. Place an order today for expert assistance with your article critique needs!

essay conclusion

How to write a strong essay conclusion

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How to write a strong essay conclusion

Many students find writing an engaging essay conclusion to essays a challenge. The essay writing process can also be challenging. These include choosing an great essay topic, writing the thesis statement, beginning an essay and outlining it. We have shared some tips and tricks to help you overcome them and write an essay that stands out. Now it’s our turn to deal with the elephant in the room. We have skinned all of the deer and left only the tail. Let’s stop with the analogies. Let’s get to the point.

Every student dreams of impressing their professor or instructor, which can guarantee them an A. An essay concluding paragraph is one way to do this. This comprehensive guide to conclusion paragraph writing, outline, examples, and tips is so strong that you can use it even to learn how to write a conclusion to your research paper.

These are the top tips from our top writers. Read the following sections to learn how to write essay conclusions like a pro.

What is an essay conclusion?

Let’s start by understanding what an essay conclusion looks like. A conclusion, also known as the closing paragraph or concluding paragraph, is, in simple terms:

The final paragraph of any essay, term paper, research paper or other college paper (term papers, research papers, thesis, statement-of-purpose, dissertation, report etc.) is the most important. The conclusion paragraph summarizes the main arguments and thesis statements in an academic paper. It is meant to help readers understand the overall theme of the essay. The conclusion paragraph distinguishes between audience and non-audience.

  • It is important to know how to close an essay.
  • The conclusion is the final point in your essay.
  • This concludes your essay and highlights the main points.
  • It is intended to be an introduction for serious audiences. Sometimes, professors and instructors will read the introduction first, then skim through the body of the essay.
  • Your essay conclusion is your chance to impress your readers. It gives you the opportunity to tell them what the paper was about.
  • The essay conclusion usually answers the question “So what?” Or What next?
  • This allows your audience to connect with your ideas after they have finished reading your essay.
  • You must also end the paper on a high note.

Don’t forget that a conclusion is not your chance to present new ideas. It is your chance to wrap up your writing. You will need to reiterate your thesis, summarize the main arguments and grab your readers’ attention one more time. That’s it!

Outline/Anatomy a Closing/Concluding Paragraph

Whether you’re writing an academic paper or an essay research paper, the conclusion anatomy remains the same. The appropriate word limit for essay conclusions varies depending on whether it is an academic paper or essay. Your conclusion should not exceed 10% of the total word count. This rule applies to both your introduction and essay. Your conclusion should be a skeleton.

1. Essay Conclusion Signal or Starter

This sentence sets the tone for the paragraph. This is where you should reiterate the thesis of the essay. Instead, paraphrase or reinvent the thesis statement.

Or instance, if your thesis read Children should not be exposed to violent parents. Then, the first line of your conclusion, or the conclusion signal, should read Violent parents can affect children psychologically, socially and sometimes spiritually. It is necessary to stop them from interfacing with the kids.

2. Summary of the main arguments

Your main arguments should be summarized in 2-3 sentences. Next, connect the ideas to the thesis statement. Then, explain how the arguments relate to your thesis.

  1. Conclusion sentence/clincher

This is the final sentence of your essay, or any paper. This is an excellent way to close the essay and connect your readers with the ideas in the introduction. It is not a place to add new ideas. Sometimes it is a reflection on the main ideas.

A clincher is a crucial part of writing a strong conclusion. The clincher should inspire your reader to have a different view of the topic you are discussing in your essay. Your paper should also trigger emotions that signal closure.

Three steps to successfully writing an essay conclusion without failing

Here are some steps to take to make sure your conclusion stands out.

Step 1: As your conclusion signal, state your thesis.

A conclusion is more effective, as we will see in the article. It signals to your reader that the essay is over by returning to the main argument. This authentically saves you from the embarrassment caused by using the clichA(c), conclusion transition words that we have highlighted in this guide.

You are not repeating your thesis statement. Instead, you will rephrase or reinvent your thesis statement so that it is clear from the introduction to the body paragraphs.

Step 2: Reexamine your main arguments

The next step is to remind your reader/audience of the key arguments that you used in your essay.

Avoid summarizing the body sections. Instead, focus on bringing together your key points in order to create a connection between the thesis, the body paragraphs and the introduction.

It is the conclusion that demonstrates how paragraphs work together to support your thesis.

Step 3: Link the conclusion to the topic or thesis

Now, you need to conclude your conclusion by explaining how it is important to your reader. You should now have a wider view of your topic. Consider the implications of the arguments you make in your essay. You should examine the application of your arguments in multiple contexts. Also, consider the connections between your arguments and themes or debates. Finally, think about whether your arguments answer particular questions. It is also possible to check if the conclusion helps you understand the topic, and if it echoes or predicts the main points.

No matter the topic of your essay or the type of essay, the conclusion must emphasize your argument and link it to the real world. You will get an excellent grade if your essay concludes on a strong note, with a decisive sentence or a clincher.

Take a look at the examples in this guide to learn how to write conclusion paragraphs.

What to avoid in your Essay Conclusion

Your conclusion should be able to take readers from your world into their own. But there are some things it doesn’t. Your conclusion does not have to be something that everyone hates. These are some things that can make your essay conclusion useless.

1. Do not dwell on the summarizing of facts

Your conclusion should not only summarize the main arguments of your essay. You can simply rephrase your thesis in a new format, highlight the main ideas of the body, and end with a positive tone.

You don’t necessarily have to reiterate your supporting arguments if you’re writing a brief essay. The readers will see that you have only copied the paragraphs in the body.

2. Avoid falling for clichés

Yes, we have all heard terms such as In conclusion, to summarize, in summary, or to sum up. There are so many ending cliches. These phrases are great for presentations but introducing your conclusion in this manner can be demeaning for an audience. Your readers will already recognize the signs that your essay is finished. Reminding them that the sweet essay is over is annoying. Don’t do what is obvious. Be different.

3. Do Not Apologize!

After you have completed a research project and written an essay, it is not uncommon to feel like an imposter. It is normal to feel overwhelmed by knowledge but only a small portion of what you have learned in writing an essay should not worry you. If this happens, you will fall prey to the temptation to write a poor conclusion, which can ruin what could otherwise be a brilliant essay. Do not doubt the content of the essay if you are unsure. Do not undermine your authority by suggesting alternative approaches, demeaning the arguments or claiming inferiority.

4. Don’t introduce new ideas

Your conclusion paragraph should tie back to your arguments. However, it is important not to introduce new arguments, opinions or ideas. Your conclusion should not contain new ideas. These ideas can take away your marks from the previous paragraphs. They could be the reason that you fail to pass or score an average essay. Instead of thinking up new ideas, you can only reflect on what has been done.

5. Refrain from repeating the thesis

Rehashing your thesis is not a good strategy for closing. This is similar to starting your closing paragraph using overused phrases. Do not repeat the instructions word-for-word. This will confuse your reader and show that you’re not as creative than you have been in the body paragraphs.

If you do your conclusion well, it should demonstrate progression and dynamism. This cannot be achieved if the thesis is repeated. Even if the essay is short, a serious audience will notice it.

This is the reason that most students do better in the body and introduction paragraphs, but not well enough for the conclusion. Students are therefore more likely to get poor grades. If you have to eat the cake, make sure you start at the bottom. That is the essence of good essay writing.

Examples and styles of Essay Conclusion paragraphs

Students have a variety of options when it comes to writing the conclusion paragraphs for college papers.

1. Moving up

You have the option to either emphasize the main point of your essay, or write it from a different perspective depending on the context. This strategy allows your readers to see the topic from a different perspective. You also have the opportunity to combine your new ideas with your existing arguments, especially if your readers don’t already share your viewpoint. This creates meaning.

Example: Let’s say you write about the topic “Should we beat children?” A good conclusion could be:

Thesis statement : Children shouldn’t be beat, but rather talked to.

Example of essay conclusion: Physical Punishment is an appropriate and useful method for disciplining people in many cultures ( Restated thesis). However, it shouldn’t be used as a last resort for parents caring for children. Peace at home is essential to create a peaceful world. Teaching children to talk and not shout could help the world accept mediation and arbitration as a way of solving conflicts.

This excellent essay conclusion example clearly shows that the writer is linking conflict resolution to child punishment. Your readers will be astonished at your creativity if you offer a wider perspective.

Another example:

Topic Should dangerous sports be prohibited?

Thesis Statement: Dangerous Sports should not be banned. Instead, extra safety precautions are taken.

Conclusion Sports make our society healthier. Safety strategies must be developed that minimize injuries and accidents. It is also crucial to make sure that sports remain exciting, challenging, and fun.

These examples show how to end an essay that is persuasive. Let’s take a look at what you can do when echoing your essay.

2. Echoing the introduction technique

Paraphrasing your entire essay introduction is another common strategy. To help you understand the topic better, you could paraphrase your entire essay introduction. This strategy can be used to support your argument. You can’t simply repeat the introduction paragraph. To show that your paper is a new understanding of your topic, you must tie in the ideas you have mentioned in your introduction paragraph. Here’s an example:

Introduction:

The internet can be beneficial in nearly every area of society, as the covid-19 pandemic proved. You can overlook the occasional pitfalls to make the most of the many applications that the internet has in society. The internet has allowed people to navigate through difficult times, such as when they were unable to meet in person, by connecting to their businesses, doctors, and even learning centers. It allows for flexibility and timeliness, and it also breaks down geographical barriers. Despite its flaws, the internet has proved to be resilient to human society. It is here to stay forever. Instead of moving further, it should be prioritized.

Conclusion:

The internet’s invention was a significant milestone in society. This is now confirmed by the COVID-19 global pandemic. It could have been dangerous for the world to stop moving, but the internet provided alternatives to many aspects of daily life. The internet would allow people to work from home, students could still take exams and attend lectures, and all businesses could operate online. Even though everyone believed the internet would not be helpful, even those who initially resisted, the pandemic reaffirmed the belief that the internet was the way forward for humanity in terms of finding solutions.

3. Predictive conclusion strategy

Your conclusion can be written so that it highlights the importance of your essay and gives your readers something to take away, mentally. To have a predictive effect, you can include the power words In case, if and when.

Example:

While we must ensure that the animals used to test new products are not suffering excessively, it is clear that animal testing is beneficial for humans in many ways. Stakeholders should consider switching to alternative methods to animal testing if they are feasible.

4. Challenging your readers

Your essay can be concluded by challenging your readers. This helps to redirect the information and applies it to the issues surrounding them.

Example:

Although serving on a jury is an enjoyable experience, and not a civic duty, many people see jury duty as something that interrupts their daily lives. Juries are an American promise to achieve a just society. If you are given the chance to take on jury duty, you should do so as a responsible citizen.

We can all agree that the conclusion is the most difficult part of writing an essay. Your essay conclusion should be considered a delicate part of the essay. Its purpose is similar to a memorable speech, or a presentation that leaves an audience feeling high.

How well an essay concludes will determine its meaning and power. The conclusion should not be a repeat of the introduction, summary of the paragraphs in the body, or the addition of new facts. Consider it a sales pitch for the essay.

Your conclusion paragraph should connect the main points of the essay, highlight your main arguments, and leave readers impressed. If you are stuck in writing any part of your essay, including essay conclusion, do not hesitate. You can place your order at Collegeschoolessays.com for professional essay writing services.

 

dissertation introductin

7 Essential Sections of an Winning Dissertation Introduction

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7 Essential Sections of a Winning Dissertation Introduction

Finally, you’ve chosen a topic and probably written a proposal. Once it was approved, you can now create a dissertation outline. Now you need to begin writing your dissertation. You will need an introduction, regardless of whether you decide to order the parts chronologically or randomly.

Your introduction is the first section of your dissertation. The introduction is the first chapter of your dissertation. It draws attention to your dissertation and invites your readers to read it with admiration or simply for its sake. It is essential to have a strong beginning to make your readers, assessors, or graders eager to read the next sentence and chapter of the dissertation.

The introduction to a dissertation is the most important part. It sets the scene for your research and announces the direction and focus of your dissertation. It also tells your readers what, why, and how. The seven sections of a dissertation are the same as a thesis. They include the introduction, background, research problem, and research questions.

Our analysis shows that a thesis or dissertation introduction that includes these seven parts in its first chapter will show your supervisor or professor that you are thorough, focused, and determined. This is why many people write theses and dissertations that are never rejected or sent for endless revisions. Let’s now look at the technicalities involved in writing a dissertation introduction chapter.

When is the Best Time to Write Your Dissertation Introduction

The introduction and abstract are both the first parts of your dissertation or thesis that will be read. They should be written first. Writing the introduction, conclusion, and abstract after the rest of the parts is done works in most cases.

You will get a conclusion that matches the introduction. Save time and write an abstract with condensed information about the dissertation. There is no need to worry if you keep the structure of your thesis or dissertation intact and maintain the flow.

Retrospectively writing the introduction and ignoring the norms will allow you to create an introduction that accurately and balancedly represents the information in your dissertation. Your readers will see a clear picture of what they can expect when they dig deeper.

Second, you can save time by writing the conclusion last.

You can also request an introduction that matches your conclusion. This ensures that all information is consistent and linked up.

Writing the introduction after you have completed your chapters saves time and makes it easier for facts to be presented as they are. It also ensures that ideas flow well.

What’s the Purpose of a Dissertation Introduction

The introduction to your dissertation or thesis is, as we have already mentioned, the first chapter of the dissertation or thesis. As a rule, your dissertation introduction should fulfill the following roles:

  • Give context and information that is relevant and thorough to your topic and study.
  • Clarify your focus
  • Mention the benefits that your research has for academia and professional practice.
  • Specify the purpose, rationale, and goals of your research.
  • Specify the research method and approach you used
  • Make a map of the whole paper or a structure

The introduction should always include the background information section of the dissertation. It can be used as the opening in some cases, particularly if you need to keep the word count down or avoid repetitions and redundancy. You can choose to have the structure of each component of your dissertation introduction vary depending on your preference.

The Dissertation Introduction Chapter: Seven Must-Have Sections

It is important to know the key components of the introduction before you begin writing it. We have identified a pattern after looking through thousands upon thousands of dissertations. Before we wrote this guide, we met with some of the most tenured professors and had consultative meetings.

We can only say that the introduction to a dissertation in seven parts sets the tone for the rest of the dissertation paragraphs. It does the same in a thesis. These sections are covered in the introduction. This will ensure that you get the full grade.

These seven sections are what make a thesis or dissertation score the highest grades. The introduction section is the most important.

Section Opening

A dissertation introduction’s opening section serves many purposes. It is like a porch that serves multiple purposes. It is where you give a quick overview of all the material you will be covering in the introduction chapter.

Its primary purpose is to entertain the reader. It must be clear, concise, and to the point. It should also make it easy for your readers to understand the main points of your dissertation.

An excellent opening section doesn’t allow for mistakes. It is where you present your research idea or concept.

There is no one way to write this section. However, sentences can be used that discuss:

  • Your research field in general
  • Your dissertation or thesis’s specific research problem
  • Research goals and objectives
  • The introduction chapter outline

It should be as engaging and short as possible, as we warned above. It can be as short as 4 to 5 sentences or as long as 1 paragraph.

Background

A background information section is essential to help your readers understand the topic of your dissertation. It is better to let your readers know why the study was chosen than just stating its focus, context, scope, and purpose.

The previous section focused on the high-level overview of your dissertation or thesis. Now you must set the pace for your research topic. This is done through the background to the study.

This section should give a general overview of your topic. It has been approved. You have also written a proposal and conducted research. Now you are writing a dissertation that reports on the results.

You should also include context factors, such as a brief history, the reason it is relevant, recent developments, important research findings, and any other information that will help establish your topic’s authority. It is possible to start with broad concepts and then narrow them down so that your readers have a solid understanding of your research interests.

For example, if you’re writing a dissertation on using prognostics to help healthcare, then your background information section should include:

  • A brief history of prognostics generally
  • How prognostics have evolved
  • Prognostication is a modern-day application
  • Alternatives to prognostics
  • Prognostication: Challenges and wins
  • Explanation of terms for readers who aren’t experts

Research Problem

This section is also known as the problem description section. It’s where you tell your readers about the details of your research. This section is where you answer the question “What prompted you to research this topic?”

The background section has already provided information to your readers about the potential research problem. If there is more than one, the statement of the problem section narrows the focus and highlights the specific research problem.

A research problem is a question or issue without a clear answer. Research gaps are where there is a problem. This prompts scholars and researchers to investigate and find the answer.

It is important to present the research problem clearly, concisely, and without ambiguity. When writing a dissertation proposal, you should quote the research gap that you have identified in your preliminary literature review.

For a great writing style, you should structure your problem statement in a three-part paragraph. These three sections should be included:

  • These facts are already known or established in literature
  • Literature gaps or missing facts
  • Why is the problem important?

Research Objectives, Aims, and Questions

This section is slightly simpler because you will need to have created them when you submit your proposal for ethical clearance. As a matter of protocol, you will not be organizing them or further refining them.

Objectives and goals are two distinct things that should not be confused. There will be a general aim or objective, and then there will be a list of objectives or aims. The aims and objectives section will help your readers to determine the direction or focus of your research. You will also need to write the research questions or hypotheses. You will explain what you plan to do regarding your research problem.

Make sure you clearly define the research goal, which is the primary or overarching purpose of your dissertation or thesis. Write a concise statement that explains what your thesis or dissertation accomplishes to let your audience know your intentions.

Here’s an example: “Prognostic is still a relatively new field in healthcare computing, informatics. This study examines and assesses why it is important to implement prognostic in healthcare computing, informatics in order to solve Florida’s health information problems.”

Now that you have defined the goal, it is time to define the research objectives. Research objectives should be both pragmatic and specific.

Example of the aim example:

  • To examine the role of prognostics for healthcare information management and computing
  • To assess the effectiveness of prognostics when managing healthcare data
  • To explore the future of healthcare computing prognostics

The objectives are the specific actions you will take in order to reach your research goals. The objectives break down your research goals into specific, actionable, and pragmatic objectives.

This section should include the research questions. These questions will help you tone down your aims, objectives, and research goals. These questions should reflect the purpose of your dissertation or thesis. These are the questions you answer in your dissertation or thesis conclusion. The research questions are derived from the research objectives, which is what you might have guessed. They also mirror the objectives of your dissertation.

Be specific in the section you write. You should focus on a country, region, city, or specific population. This helps to define your scope. This allows you to conduct a detailed inquiry into the problem or issue.

Significance, Justification, or Logic

The research you did is now complete, but what’s the argument for your study? This is a common sentence you used in your proposal. You will only need to change it to past tense, as you already did the research.

The significance of the first sections (background and research problem) has been mentioned before. It is still unclear what the study will bring to the benefit of the public and the rest of the world.

This section will allow you to tell the world how your findings can be applied in academia, professional practice, and anywhere else. What does the difference make?

This section describes the value of your research.

Limitations

You have spoken so highly about your research and yourself that you don’t need to be afraid of the limitations. It is not enough to sell your research and hope that they are satisfied. It is a good idea to highlight the limitations of your research.

This is what you had in mind in your research proposal. Now it’s time to modify the tenses, and perhaps add more limits and delimitations you have found in the course of research.

This is because no one piece of research can be perfect. Writing a thesis or dissertation can be difficult due to limited budgets, tight schedules, and limited research experience. This is also true for a thesis. If you have written an undergraduate thesis, the dissertation is usually the second research project. You must be aware of your limitations and transparent with your readers. These are some common areas you can identify limitations:

  • Scope of your thesis or dissertation
  • Methodology of research
  • Resources used
  • The generalizability of your findings

You don’t have to hide your limitations. Instead, let your markers know. This helps you demonstrate your understanding of research design and care for future researchers.

Structure or Outline

After everything necessary for a dissertation introduction is in place, it’s time to wrap up the introduction with a brief outline of your dissertation. This section gives your reader a guideline or structure for what they can expect from the next chapters of your dissertation.

This section contains a summary of each chapter, in plain English. Each chapter will have its own purpose and content. This includes the introduction chapter.

To orient your readers to your entire dissertation, you will need at least one sentence explaining each chapter. It is not necessary to be detailed.

A summary of the structure of the dissertation helps readers navigate the thesis or dissertation. This should summarize each chapter and highlight its contribution to the overall dissertation’s central goal. Each chapter should be described in a few sentences. However, if you’re dealing with complex topics or areas of research, it is important to have a paragraph for each chapter. This depends on how many words you have and what your outline is. Your supervisor will be consulted.

Parting Shot

A good introduction to your dissertation is key to success. It should be clear, concise, well-organized, and flow. It should also include background and overview sections to provide a foundational understanding for your readers.

A problem statement section should be included to explain the problem that you have studied. Before writing your dissertation, you should include the research objectives, aims, and questions. A significance section, which explains the value of your research for academia and the rest of the world, is also important.

Your research limitations should be explained in the limitation section. The last step is to wrap up the introduction with a structural outline. This will give a breakdown of each chapter and what your readers can expect.

We know what works and what doesn’t. For professors who mark dissertations, time is critical. Orderliness must not be sacrificed. These seven sections will help you create a compelling dissertation or thesis by organizing your introduction chapter. Is it really so inconsiderate to award a high score for an introduction chapter that is high-quality and solid? We’re willing to bet that nobody.

For better grading, you can counter-check your supervisor’s request to add additional components as part of the introduction. Good luck with your dissertation writing.

If you need help with wreiting your dissertation introduction, Order Now

SOAP Note

How to Write a SOAP Note: A Step-by-Step Guide,Free template

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How to Write a SOAP Note: A Detailed Step-by-Step Guide:Free template

Are you struggling with a SOAP Note assignment? Writing SOAP Notes can indeed be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you succeed, we have crafted a comprehensive, step-by-step guide based on the expertise of our top nursing writers.

What is a SOAP Note?

Before diving into the steps, let’s define what a SOAP Note is. SOAP stands for Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan. This format is a standardized method used by healthcare providers to document patient information systematically.

Why Are SOAP Notes Important?

SOAP Notes play a crucial role in healthcare documentation. They help clinicians organize and record patient data efficiently, facilitating clear communication among healthcare providers. By integrating both subjective and objective data, SOAP Notes ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment plans, and consistent patient care. Moreover, they enhance inter-professional and intra-professional communication.

The Origin of SOAP Note

The SOAP Note format was developed in the 1960s by Dr. Lawrence Weed at the University of Vermont. Dr. Weed introduced this structured approach to improve the accuracy and consistency of medical records, ultimately enhancing patient care.

Structure of a SOAP Note

A SOAP Note consists of four main components: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan. Let’s explore each section in detail:

1. Subjective (S)

The subjective section includes information provided by the patient, reflecting their personal experiences, views, and feelings about their condition. Key components are:

  • Chief Complaint (CC): The main issue reported by the patient.
    • Examples: chest pain, sore throat, decreased appetite.
  • History of Present Illness (HPI): A detailed narrative of the patient’s current condition, structured using the OLDCARTS acronym:
    • Onset: When did the CC begin?
    • Location: Where is the CC located?
    • Duration: How long has the CC been present?
    • Characterization: How does the patient describe the CC?
    • Aggravating/Alleviating Factors: What makes the CC worse or better?
    • Radiation: Does the CC spread to other areas?
    • Temporal: Does the CC vary at different times of the day?
    • Severity: How does the patient rate the CC on a scale of 1-10?

Additionally, include the patient’s past medical and surgical history, family history, social history, allergies, and current medications in this section.

2. Objective (O)

The objective section contains factual data obtained during the patient encounter, including:

  • General Survey: An overall assessment of the patient’s appearance and condition.
  • Vital Signs: Blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, respiratory rate, and other relevant measurements.
  • Physical Exam Findings: Detailed results from the physical examination.
  • Diagnostic Data: Results from laboratory tests, imaging studies, and other diagnostic procedures.

Also, include a system-based review to uncover any symptoms not initially mentioned by the patient.

3. Assessment (A)

The assessment combines subjective and objective data to form a diagnosis. This section involves:

  • Primary Problem/Diagnosis: The main diagnosis, listed with the corresponding ICD-10 code.
  • Differential Diagnoses: A list of potential alternative diagnoses, each supported by evidence from the subjective and objective sections.

This section should also include an analysis of the patient’s condition, considering the interactions between different problems and noting any changes over time.

4. Plan (P)

The plan outlines the next steps in patient care, detailing:

  • Laboratory Tests: Specific tests required and the rationale for each.
  • Treatment: Recommended medications and therapies, supported by evidence-based guidelines.
  • Referrals: Consultations with specialists if necessary.
  • Patient Education: Instructions and information provided to the patient, including follow-up care and emergency signs.

SOAP Note Templates

To assist in writing SOAP Notes, we have created templates for various fields, including nursing, psychology, and sociology.

Sample Template for Nursing and Medical Students

Date: [Insert Date]
Source of Information: [Insert Source]
Reliability: [Insert Reliability]

SUBJECTIVE
Chief Complaint: [Insert CC]
HPI: [Use OLDCARTS]
Significant PMH/PSH: [Insert History]
Allergies: [Insert Allergies]
Medications: [Insert Medications]
Social: [Insert Social History]

OBJECTIVE
Vital Signs: [Insert Vital Signs]
Recent Labs: [Insert Labs]
Physical Exam: [Insert Exam Findings]
Other Diagnostic Data: [Insert Data]

ASSESSMENT
Diagnosis: [Insert Diagnosis & ICD-10 Code]
Differential Diagnoses: [List and explain differentials]

PLAN
Medications: [Insert Medications]
Labs: [List Tests]
Diagnostics: [List Diagnostics]
Referral: [Insert Referrals]
Patient Education: [Insert Education]
Follow-Up: [Specify Follow-Up Plans]

Sample Template for Coaching Sessions

Session Date: [Insert Date]
Session Time: [Insert Time]
Type of Session: [Insert Type]
Session Location: [Insert Location]

SUBJECTIVE
What did the client say? [Insert Client’s Statements]

OBJECTIVE
What did the client do? [Insert Observations]

ASSESSMENT
What resources do you need to assess the client? [Insert Assessment]

PLAN
What actions did the client suggest? [Insert Action Plan]

Tips for Writing an Effective SOAP Note

  • Professional Language: Use professional language and avoid layperson terms.
  • Cite Sources: Use APA or Harvard style for citations.
  • Clarity and Conciseness: Ensure your note is clear and concise.
  • Appropriate Abbreviations: Use standard medical abbreviations appropriately.
  • Objective Statements: Avoid unsubstantiated subjective statements.
  • Proofreading: Correct grammar and spelling errors for a scholarly tone.
  • Cultural Sensitivity: Use language that is culturally sensitive and respectful.

Common Abbreviations

Here are some common abbreviations used in SOAP Notes:

  • pt: Patient
  • NKDA: No known drug allergies
  • PE: Physical Examination
  • (+) / (-): Positive / Negative
  • wnl: Within normal limits
  • CBC: Complete Blood Count
  • Dx: Diagnosis
  • Rx: Treatments
  • Sx: Symptoms
  • PMHx: Past Medical History
  • PSHx: Past Surgical History
  • SHx: Social History
  • FHx: Family History
  • ROS: Review of Systems

Enhancing Your SOAP Note Writing Skills

Improving your SOAP Note writing skills involves practice and attention to detail. Utilize the templates provided, follow the tips, and continually seek feedback from peers and mentors. By consistently applying these guidelines, you will become proficient in crafting effective and professional SOAP Notes.

For additional assistance, our nursing assignment help service offers SOAP Note assignments to students. Our expert-written SOAP Notes can serve as benchmarks or references when writing your own. Visit our homepage or click the “Order Now” button to get started.

Conclusion

Writing a SOAP Note is a fundamental skill for healthcare professionals. By understanding the structure and purpose of each section, you can create clear and comprehensive documentation that enhances patient care and facilitates communication among healthcare providers. Use this guide as a reference to master the art of SOAP Note writing and improve your clinical documentation skills

nursing case study

8 Powerful tips to write a Nursing Case Study 

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8 Powerful Tips to Write a Nursing Case Study

Whether you’re pursuing your BSN, APN, or DNP, crafting a nursing case study involving a patient can be intimidating. Many students find writing case studies on patient scenarios daunting.

Working with our nursing case study writers can ease this burden. They are well-versed in the guidelines and evaluation criteria, ensuring your case study meets the required standards.

We’ll guide you on how to write a nursing case study about a patient scenario, covering both the format and key elements of the case study analysis. Let’s dive in!

What is a Nursing Case Study?

Nursing case studies are either hypothetical or real patient-related scenarios that evaluate nursing students’ knowledge and skills in practical settings. These assignments help integrate academic knowledge into practical applications, requiring students to analyze problems, draw conclusions, and make recommendations.

Writing a case study essay in a nursing program is challenging, demanding careful reading, current academic literature, and critical thinking. While there is no standard format, using minimal information and following the directions and rubric is advised to understand the necessary elements.

Analyzing the Structure and Format of a Nursing Case Study

Before starting, it’s crucial to read the guidelines and evaluation criteria for the nursing case study. These materials will inform you of the requirements your instructor will use to assess your work. Here are the key components of your nursing case study:

  • Title Page: Follow your institution’s formatting guidelines. If no template is provided, use APA or Harvard format, including the case study title, your name, instructor’s name, course information, submission date, and institution name.
  • Abstract: If required, write a 200-word abstract summarizing the patient’s presentation (vitals, data, history), nursing assessment, and current recommendations.
  • Introduction: Briefly describe the patient, including current medication and diagnosis, then present possible interventions and recommendations. This section can be added after completing the case analysis to ensure all elements are captured.
  • Case Presentation: Paraphrase the patient scenario, noting main complaints and relevant assessment data such as vitals, family history, and demographics.
  • Pathophysiology: Explain the disease diagnosis using gathered data. For example, describe how sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy or COPD from long-term smoking could occur, focusing on the etiology and risk factors. Support your explanation with nursing literature from the past five years.
  • Nursing Care Plan: Develop a care plan identifying the patient’s top-priority issues, explaining their causes with literature support. Describe possible intervention strategies (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological), set goals, and create evaluation strategies.
  • Discussion and Recommendations: Discuss expected outcomes and make recommendations based on the care plan, diagnosis, and prognosis. For instance, suggest fall management strategies for a discharged patient, focusing on improving the patient’s well-being.
  • Conclusion: Summarize the case, patient presentation, nursing assessment, and recommendations for future care.
  • References: Format your bibliography and in-text citations in APA or Harvard style, alphabetizing your reference list.

Important Tips for Writing a Nursing Case Study

Nursing case studies are technical papers demonstrating professionalism, keen understanding, and comprehensive nursing knowledge. Here are some tips for writing a case study on a specific area:

  • Plan Your Case Study Analysis: Start by reading the case study instructions to understand the referencing style, patient scenario, likely topics, and length requirements. This helps in understanding the marking criteria.
  • Start Writing Early: Begin your case study analysis as soon as possible to manage your time effectively, especially if you juggle study and work.
  • Use Appropriate Nursing Terminology: Use relevant nursing terms without being overly technical, ensuring clarity for all readers.
  • Avoid Acronyms: Unless required, avoid using acronyms. Write out terms fully, e.g., “patient history” instead of “Phx”.
  • Paraphrase and Cite Properly: Use your own words for assessments, patient presentations, recommendations, and care plans. Proper citation is crucial to avoid plagiarism and strengthen your argument.
  • Format as Directed: Adhere to formatting guidelines, such as APA, to avoid negligence, which can be detrimental in practice.
  • Proofread and Edit Thoroughly: Proofread, edit, and reread your case study to avoid mistakes that could cost you points. Check for spelling errors, omissions, grammar issues, and incomplete sentences.
  • Seek Help if Needed: If you’re stuck, seek assistance from a reliable service like Truehomework.com, which offers nursing writing services and homework assistance for nursing students at all levels.

By following these guidelines, you can effectively write a nursing case study that meets academic standards and demonstrates your nursing expertise.

Nursing PICOT Question

How to Write an Compelling Nursing PICOT Question 

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How to Write an Compelling Nursing PICOT Question

This article offers valuable guidance on creating a nursing PICOT question for a nursing change management project. Crafting excellent nursing papers begins with a thorough examination of the literature. Your nursing papers should be well-written, critical, and insightful.

By reading this article to the end, you will understand how to construct a robust PICOT question or outline for your nursing research paper. Our experienced authors can assist you with nursing term papers and capstone projects, ensuring you achieve the best results.

In our nursing evidence-based paper guide, we have outlined the steps needed to write an EBP article. This guide will further detail the steps to writing a nursing PICOT question for your EBP research project. Whether it’s for an assignment, a part of a larger project, or a short nursing essay, our goal is to simplify the process of framing clinical research questions for nursing students.

Understanding PICOT Statements and Questions

A PICOT question is a clinical research question developed by analyzing patient cases or practical problems. In contrast, a PICOT statement is derived from these questions and outlines the intervention’s direction. This statement refines the PICOT question’s scope by defining the evidence-based practices or changes needed to address a clinical problem.

A well-formulated PICOT question should be researchable and supported by evidence. The acronym PICOT stands for:

  • P: Population/Patient: Consider factors such as gender, age, and ethnicity of individuals affected by a specific disorder.
  • I: Intervention/Indicator: This is your variable of interest, such as exposure to a disease, prognostic factors, or risky behaviors.
  • C: Comparison or Control: Refers to the absence or presence of a prognostic, risk, or placebo factor.
  • O: Outcome: This could include the accuracy of diagnosis, rate of adverse outcomes, or risk of disease.
  • T: Time: Refers to the duration participants are observed or the length of the intervention needed to achieve the desired outcome.

Creating a Good Nursing PICOT Question

We will now delve into each of the five elements of PICOT as outlined in the mnemonic:

Population

The population is the group you focus on when writing a nursing PICOT question or statement. This could be a population with specific conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, cancers, or psychological disorders. Narrowing down the population by gender, age, and ethnicity helps create a targeted and relevant sample for your nursing change management project. For the validity and generalizability of your findings, selecting a suitable population is crucial.

Intervention

Interventions are actions aimed at improving patient health or well-being. For instance, patients with mental disorders might benefit from music or art therapy. Consider the following questions:

  • Which therapy is most effective for the patient?
  • What is the primary problem?

Interventions can include medication, surgery, diagnostic testing, or non-pharmacologic actions such as patient education and pressure monitoring.

Comparison

As the name suggests, comparison involves evaluating your population against its opposite to determine the effectiveness of the proposed intervention, treatment, or lifestyle change. It could involve comparing the intervention with other treatments, such as placebos, drugs, or diagnostic tests. This comparison helps reduce bias and improve the accuracy of your findings. Sometimes, a comparison might not be possible, and that’s perfectly normal.

Outcome

The outcome is the desired result of your study. This stage involves presenting your findings, which could be qualitative statements or statistical data. The outcome might be the risk of disease, rate of adverse effects, incidence rates, accuracy of diagnosis, or risk of infection. For accuracy, outcomes can be written from a patient-oriented or disease-oriented perspective, or a combination of both.

Time Frame

While some guides might end with PICO, excluding the T (Time), it is an important parameter. Time measures how long an intervention takes to produce a specific outcome and includes the duration of participant observation. Unless specified otherwise, include the time frame in both your PICO statement and PICOT question.

Conclusion

To create a strong Nursing PICOT Question, follow these steps when writing a Nursing PICOT Question essay. Begin by identifying your nursing interest and the patient population. Focus on the prevalent issues in the area to develop solutions or implement changes. Use the most recent evidence-based studies to build your background and identify gaps. These gaps will help you formulate a PICOT statement to test a new intervention or implement a solution to a problem.

When conducting a nursing literature review, select scholarly nursing articles, including literature reviews, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, to ensure thorough and credible research.

For further assistance in writing your nursing PICOT question or EBP research project, our expert team is here to help. Click here to find help